A repertoire of filmmaking techniques is fundamental to...

A repertoire of filmmaking techniques is fundamental to the establishment of a film’s storyline by conveying explicit and implicit ideas and by taking the viewer through a heightened emotional journey. Alfred Hitchcock employs his unique film style to augment the patterns of narration in the monumental film, Vertigo. The narrative patterns follow the male protagonist, Scotty, who is inescapably drawn into the conflict of the story as he unceasingly follows Madeleine, the female protagonist. Overall, the film employs a restricted narrative in which the audience’s knowledge is equal to that of Jimmy Stewart’s character, Scotty. The Muir Woods sequence in Vertigo conveys patterns of narration through the combined elements of editing,†¦show more content†¦For example, when Madeleine wonders into the forest, Scotty’s curiosity provokes him to start walking in that direction, as seen in shot 17. The action is immediately continued in shot 18, as Scotty continues his quest for Madeleine, keeping the viewer engaged in the situation. The arising suspense from these two shots results from the prior use of accelerated editing rhythm. There is a series of short shots, 12-17, which show Madeleine venturing away and Scotty’s bewildered reaction. The tension and suspense build as each shot captures Madeleine walking further away until she seems to disappear in between shots. In sum, the editing techniques serve to explicitly enhance the action and implicitly convey the narrative. Vertigo’s patterns of narration are also illustrated by the elements of mise-en-scene presented during the Muir Woods sequence. All of the elements placed in front of the camera, such as setting, lighting, and figure behavior, contribute to the ultimate sense of realism conveyed by the sequence. The particular natural setting allows for important landmark events in the film to take place. In the presence of large Sequoia trees, Scotty confirms the color green motif and its symbolism of life. The cross section of the tree, a common exhibit in natural parks, allows for a critical point in the narrative to take place. In shot 11, â€Å"Carlotta† declares her birth and death inShow MoreRelatedQuery Sequence And Analysis Of Verify3d1941 Words   |  8 Pagesother, the query sequence and template sequence consist of different types of amino acid residues in this range (Table 1). The query sequence consists of the residues YTAEADGNTIFTKTIPSGITISA, while the template sequence 4IPU_A consists of the residues KDWGKGLSIGVLASGSIAAPLRK. After analyzing these two aligned sequences, some stark differences appeared between the two in the number of charged residues in this range. Firstly, while only one basic residue is found in the query sequence, there are fourRead MoreCdna Cloning And Sequence Analysis Essay1116 Words   |  5 Pages3. Results 3.1 cDNA cloning and sequence analysis In this study, we cloned the rabbit NMU, NUM-R1 and NMU-R2 cDNA fragments using RT-PCR. Specific fragments were amplified and target gene fragment length was 443, 366 and 203 bp, respectively (Fig.1 A, B and C), consistent with the expected size of the fragment, and clear bands. These fragments were confirmed by sequencing, and the NMU, NMU-R1 and NMU-R2 sequences were submitted to GenBank (GenBank IDs: KP276160.1, KM-236787.1 and KM-236788.1). NCBIRead MoreUses and Abuses of Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy2313 Words   |  9 PagesUses and Abuses of Carbonate Sequence Stratigraphy Sequence Stratigraphy Sequence stratigraphy is a discipline studying the linkages within the chronostratigraphic framework of sequences which is bounded by unconformities and correlative conformities. It enables interpretation of sedimentary strata as products of relative sea-level change. 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EST database is beneficial as it allows new gene discovery, marker discovery, gene mapping, and functional studies to be carried out. This research has contributed EST library of 2304 clone sequences from the young olive leaf and 1536 clone sequences from the immature olive fruit for Turkish olive cultivar Gemlik. Good quality ESTs are used to further analysedRead MoreSequence And Sequence Of Proteins1543 Words   |  7 PagesSequence Information of Proteins Just as members in the same family often resemble each other, similarly structured molecules are often grouped in the same category. There are several methods of comparing amino acid sequencing and determining how closely they are related. A simple example is the sequence-comparison method. Sequence databases are searched for a specific amino acid sequence of unknown characteristics. A set of molecules that are similar in structure can give insight into the propertiesRead MoreMat 126 Week 1 Assignment Essay example1073 Words   |  5 Pagesassignment I would like to talk about arithmetic sequences and geometric sequences and want to give an example each how to calculate with those sequences. First I want to give a short definition of each sequence. â€Å"An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers in which each succeeding term differs from the preceding term by the same amount. This amount is known as the common difference.† (Bluman, A. G. 2500, page 221) An example for an arithmetic sequence is: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, †¦ (The common differenceRead MoreAlgorithms, Algorithms And Consequences For Top-K Association Rule1731 Words   |  7 Pages4.3. Top-K Association Rule More than one algorithms sequences were predicted for top-k association administers mining. But, most of them do now not take advantage of the essential definition of an association rule. As an occurrence, KORD discovers approaches with an unmarried thing in the resulting, while the arrangement of principles of You et al. mines connection rules from a move in lieu of an exchange database. To the wonderful of our concentration, least difficult best k rules finds top-kRead MorePow 16: Spiralaterals718 Words   |  3 Pagesdown three squares and start the sequence again but while going in that direction. So after you go down three you will go left one and then up two and you just keep going in that same pattern. When I started my series of spiralaterals I started with trying to find out what would happen when you switched the order of the numbers and I saw a pattern. The concept I explored using spiralaterals was whether or not changing the order of the three numbers of the sequence would change the shape, size or

A Direct Reflection Of Roman Culture - 1067 Words

Buildings were a direct reflection of Roman culture, Emperors throughout their history and the values of the Roman people which is why they are such a vital material remain for understanding Roman civilization. Certain building types have more significance in their correlation to Roman culture than others such as the Palace circus, brothels, and forums. Romans put a huge emphasis on entertainment as seen in the construction of amphitheaters, colosseums and circuses. In the case of circus’ it wasn’t just for entertainment it was also a political strategy. The Flavin family created a magnificent circus in which sporting events such as chariot races were held. This circus had a double purpose however, the first being entertainment and the†¦show more content†¦At one end of the forum were where the major temples were built such as the Capitoline temple, for the purpose of worship and dedications to deities. These Forums are important to Roman culture because they a re a perfect representation of two features of Roman civilization the first being economy due to the various shops and the spectacular construction of the plaza itself as well as religion. Religon as an important aspect in the Romans lives, is confirmed by the fact that each Forum was equipped with a temple directly at the end of the Forum to see as soon as you walk in. Art and architecture are important when studying many different types of ancient civilizations and the Rome is no exception. Many pieces of art and architecture were symbols of status and vessels for political propaganda. Roman culture can easily be displayed in several characteristics of their art and architecture; both played a significant role in the shaping and defining of Roman civilization. Rome was notorious for the grandeur of their buildings and doing things that were fundamentally different than those who preceded them. Their core values and culture were imbedded in both the architecture of their buildings like in Temples as well as their art like marble statues. Even their building materials revealed cultural clues about them. Volcanic stone, or tufa, started out as one of the major materials used to construct Roman Buildings.Show MoreRelatedThe Hero and the Saint: Paul and Augustine656 Words   |  3 Pagesand the Saint: Paul and Augustine The idea of the hero in Greco-Roman culture was integrated into the idea of the saint (in the process of conversion and totalization) by way of Christianitys adoption of and ancestry in the Greco-Roman culture. As Professor Ambrosio indicates, The need and the search for meaning is shared by all human beings (Hero or Saint Saul of Tarsus). Thus, it is no surprise to find that a pagan Greco-Roman title is applicable to a Christian whose virtue is viewed as greaterRead MoreThe Influences On Western Civilization1559 Words   |  7 PagesThe Influences on Western Civilization by the Hebrew-Christian and Greco-Roman Traditions Western Civilization, as it is known today, is a coalescence of various cultures, ideologies, and practices that have been preserved over centuries of human life. Although a countless number of societies have influenced Western Civilization, Hebrew-Christian civilizations and Greco-Roman civilizations have been the two most influential. Both of these civilizations and their traditions have left equally deepRead MoreArt Of The Greeks And Romans1091 Words   |  5 PagesYouth to Wisdom: Art of the Greeks and Romans â€Å"The city’s empire stretched from the western Mediterranean to the Black Sea, creating enormous wealth† (Art of the Ancient Mediterranean). Though that statement speaks to Greece under Athens governance of the 5th century B.C., it also accurately reflects the rule of the Roman Empire during the Roman Republic. Having conquered all around them, the Greeks and the Romans at the height of their empires governed vast territories, which allowed for the gatheringRead MoreRoman Catholicism And The Catholic Church993 Words   |  4 Pages Roman Catholicism, like Protestantism they have some of the same problems with the transcendence and immanence. There has been some change during the Second Vatican Council, where it were to become more modernize, the Catholic Church and it doctrine. The importance of Vatican II and the necessary for Catholic theologian that is concern with the Catholic Church. Another question that will be address in this essay, is to consider of C atholic theology, such as Rahner and Kung who had started toRead MoreCultural, Economical, Religious, And Political Contributions847 Words   |  4 Pagescontributions made by both Ancient Greece, 800 B.C - 500 B.C , and Ancient Rome, 31 BCE – 476 CE, assisted in the development of western culture. Albeit Rome embraced and developed some characteristics of Greek culture, they still made prominent contributions of their own. Rome and Greece contributed Christianity, Philosophy, The Republic, and Literature. At the time, Roman religion was centered on gods and the interpretation of why things were the way they were. Each god had its own special day whereRead MoreGender Roles In Anthony And Cleopatra1431 Words   |  6 Pages(Shakespeare 1994: 199) is commonly used to represent a phallus. I will examine these sexual themes to determine how gender roles change, specifically in the characters Anthony and Cleopatra and the effect that this has. Anthony’s downfall is the direct result of the meeting between the east and west, which causes a reversal in gender roles. First, I will argue that the differences between the east and west have a captivating effect on men and can result in their bad judgment. This will examineRead MoreThe Hebrews And Greeks s Value System1526 Words   |  7 Pages The Hebrews and Greeks, through their value systems, defined the founding principles of Western Civilization. The Hebrews attribute their value system to God, and the Greeks attribute their v alue system to their reason. The Christians and Romans carried and added to the values of the Hebrews and Greeks respectively, maintaining their traditions well into the modern world. While the Hebrews were more spiritual, the Greeks were far more rational. The Hebrews concerned themselves with the hereafterRead MoreREL 405 mojeda wa1 Essay588 Words   |  3 Pagestraits, I would that that objectivity should be present. The behaviors of other cultures usually stem from a subjective position, but the underlying truth can be found with some critical analysis. Personal subjective thoughts can be damaging when trying to understand what shapes other peoples lives, because you have not had the privilege of living that life. Humans tend to judge others based on their own culture and often other cultural are misunderstood. If we use objectivity correctly we canRead MoreHow Architects Change The World1638 Words   |  7 Pagesas the pyramids of Ancient Egypt and the Roman Colosseum. A final reason for building an architectural structure is as a tribute to a person or event, such as the-the Arc de Triomphe and the Taj Mahal of India. In reality, many of these structures could be said to encompass several or even all of these elements, including necessity, artistic expression, religious tribute, power, or to honor an event or person. Each of these structure has it’s own direct, lasting, and unique impact. These impactsRead MoreHow Truth Was Defined By Medieval Europeans1696 Words   |  7 Pagesthose who do not understand it because this subject appears in every culture. Truth goes along with universal questions such as what is beauty, justice, and power. And love but none have a direct answer because they are all dependent on the culture they are currently being described in. Even within these cultures these questions have different answers because of the various regions; for example medieval Europe had multiple cultures that traversed throughout ever ywhere and caused truth to be defined

The Internet Free Essays

While some consider it as a blessing others regard it as a curse, because the internet like everything else in the world has a good and a bad side to it. The one of the main reasons that many people blame is that there is no sense of censorship in the world of the internet. Without censorship many things spin out of control. We will write a custom essay sample on The Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now People start using the internet as a method of spying rather than a manner of communication they abuse this blessing by placing information or data that is unacceptable such as hacking, others may use it for fraud or theft. When these actions are committed they are considered a as a form of crime, and like all other crimes they are intolerable by society. A student no longer needs to spend long hours in libraries searching for a desired piece of information. A web search engine can provide the needed material just at a click of a button and no matter which remote corner of the world you are in, the Internet will keep you side by side of the latest developments in your area of interest. As with every new technology there are those who speak high of the Internet and there are those who portray it in an unfavorable source of knowledge. And as with other new technologies there is nothing wrong with the Internet itself. It is we who are to decide whether the internet is a curse or a blessing. The question as per whether the internet is a blessing or a curse for this millennial generation is attracting a global attention. As a topic of global interest, one just have to take a position but with an unbiased sense of judgment. The advent of internet has brought unprecedented breakthrough in every sphere of human endeavour and perhaps also some negative impact. Internet simply put, is a cloud based medium that enable dissemination of information internationally among millions of users through a network connecting computers and other compatible gadgets. The information could be accessed in a written form through electronic mail, recorded videos, instant messaging, video chat, pictorially etc. From every sense of fairness, Internet has turned the Universe to one global village and has done more good than evil. Can we say that internet is both a blessing and a curse? We should be able to take a position at the end of this discourse. Benefits of the Internet (Advantages) The benefits of the internet have to do with the blessings and advantages associated with its usage. They are discussed below: Knowledge Pool: There is hardly any topic that has no definition online. Scholars gladly research into any area of interest and make their findings available for the benefits of all seekers of knowledge on the internet. Fastest medium of information dissemination: It is the fastest medium of information dissemination especially if it is bulky. I remember waiting for the news vendor (print media) several hours to catch a glimpse of the latest news several years ago. But now, just go online, and you are current and abreast with latest news even before the news paper seller. An instructional media for Teachers: Students can learn and be taught at the comfort of their homes online (e-learning). They can attend classes even when they are thousands of Miles away from the school or learning centres. This is achieved via the aid of a projector connected to the internet. With other supportive accessories and gadgets, they can even have student-teacher interaction,a two way channel that consummate the learning process. Source of Income: It is a veritable source of income for millions of persons around the globe. Internet Service Provision in itself is a business whether at the multinational or local level. Today we have several online publishers and freelancers getting their livelihood through this medium. Medium for Data Storage: Data and information that need easy and quick retrieval can be better stored online. Though this may have some side effects but it is better. We live in a world prone to all forms of disasters such as fire occurrence, flood and theft just to mention a few. Documents stored online are safe in case of such occurrences. Business Transactions: Today we hear of e-commerce. This is made possible through the internet. Buying and selling with ease online is becoming the best practice and it has proved to  be safer and more convenient. Entertainment Media: It has assumed the widest spectrum for the entertainment media. Easy access to audio and video streaming with variety of choices especially with a very strong network. In most cases you pay data connection fee only while the movies are free. Although they have their own remote benefits. Medium of Advertisement: Online advertisement is one of fastest growing advertising media. There is hardly any site one visit without seeing one form of advert or the other. The fastest means of letting the World know what your business is and any other important information is to advertise it online. The Dark Side of the Internet (Disadvantages) The internet has some disadvantages. They are as follows: 1. Malicious Spy: Some unscrupulous individuals take advantage of internet lapses to spy and access the privacy of some well meaning users . They have various means of achieving this nefarious act, most especially through Computer or electronic viruses. Through this medium some persons has lost valuables too numerous to quantify. To forestall this act, a reliable anti- virus or anti-spyware should be installed on Computer systems and similar gadgets that are online. 2. Moral Decadence: The advent of internet has brought about a number of vices as a result of all manner of information that are allowed on online. For example there is unrestricted access to pornographic videos. This no doubt can corrupt Teenagers and even adults who lack discipline. Apart from pornography there are other movies that are not healthy for Children and Teenagers. 3. Distraction: It can cause distraction if not properly harnessed with discipline even among adults. Too much time is spent by youngsters on irrelevant browsing at the expense of other meaningful engagements such as studying their books. 4. Terrorism: Coordinated terrorist attacks are made possible in most cases via the internet. It easier for them to use this medium than any other means of communication for the sake of secrecy. 5. Fraud: Internet is one of the greatest avenue through which fraud has been committed. This most often is possible through deceit and false identity. As a result the unsuspecting public are prone to be victims. It is one of the biggest media for trading as indicated in the benefits of online transaction. We have seen situation of impersonation and declaration of false identity and sometime one wonder why they sail through even with all these numerous warnings and awareness creation about this type of activities. This is a â€Å"Food for Thought†. In my own opinion I think the reason why many fall prey is because of greed. An attempt to get rich â€Å"overnight† as a result they can’t exercise enough patience for proper investigation. From the forgoing I think one can easily take position as per whether Internet is a Blessing or a Curse especially for this millennial generation. The benefits derivable from the use of the internet far outweigh the disadvantages. More so, some of the disadvantages are manageable. It is a matter of discipline and curbing one’s will power. Teens phase of life are explorative in nature. If they are given proper foundation with respect to the consequences using the internet wrongly, they will abide. Sanity comes with good upbringing with parents and guardians showing good example. A lot have been done to curb the activities of hackers online and to a very high extent it has proved very effective. Employ the services of Virus protection Software and you can be sure you are secured online. There is also online Parental control and monitoring Software to guard against wards transcending their bound. Internet Service providers (ISP) are also on their heels monitoring the activities of those who uses their services maliciously especially for fraudulent purposes. Such accounts can be monitored and closed down though it takes a lot to do so. How to cite The Internet, Papers

Communication External And Internal

Question: Discuss about theCommunication for External And Internal. Answer: Introduction The following report is the critical analytical study of use of Social Media as a tool for establishing external and internal communication in a hotel management system. The modern age is marked for the development and usage of social media as a source of communication. According to Osterrieder (2013), the influence and effect of social media over the tourism and hotel industry is noteworthy. In this report the good and bad effects of social media on the communication process in the hotel have been critically analyzed with reference to different authors and writers. Different social media tools like Facebook, Twitter Instagram and different social websites like Tripadvisor, Make-my-trip can act both for promotion and communication processes. Discussion The 21st century had been marked by the astonishing development of social media as a platform for internal and external communication. Recent studies by Kim, Lim Brymer (2015), have shown that the hotel industry has seen a remarkable growth due to the extensive promotion in Social Medias. There has been an overwhelming response from the customer with the help of communication and authorization of guest involvement that has provided new opportunities for progress. Thompson (2013), has different views on the usage of the social site for communication. He states that for applying the Social Medias for communication, it is necessary for understanding the fundamental goal that is required to achieve in the hotel management. Lee Oh, (2013) have said that in hotel administration requires proper management of staffs and clients that can be achieved only by use of effective internal communication. The hotel managers require effective communication with his superiors, subordinates, and peers. The employees at the hotel long to achieve and do the work efficiently, but in the absence of proper understanding of the expectations and goals set by the ownership. But Radovic (2015), defines the most effective way to communicate goals to the employees at the work is by making them involve in the development of the motives for the hotel organization. The hotel management team has developed the ability to the communication of the process and more significantly the reason for the process that has been undertaken. They have formed innovative and constant modulation in the effective communication process. Authors like Hoefnagels Bloemer, (2014) have stated that the hotel management process requires communication level with its client too from the perspective of hotel managers. The Internet can be used as the most effective communication tool. Many times it is seen that the website of the hotels acts as the communication tool with the customers. The website is updated with the comment and review section by the customers where they can provide their views regarding the hotel or suggest something for improvement. According to Chang, Kuo, Hsu, Cheng (2014), the website acts as the platform for the first introduction to the customers. It helps in establishing communication with the customers by stating the favorable factors or benefits of selecting their hotel. The social media tools for holiday destination selection like TripAdvisor, MakeMyTrip, etc. also serve a significant role for establishing communication between the hotel owners and the customers. On the other hand Sarjanoja, Isomursu Hakkila, (2013) have explained that Facebook, Myspace can be used as a promotion platform as well as for comm unication process. Hotel managers require more of operational and marketing task nowadays which can be ensured only by using effective communication by these social sites. According to Quirke, (2012), the ways for improving the internal communication in a hotel environment can be classified in five ways like; accessing the knowledge base for the Employees, increasing the transparency in the communication, initiating workshops for the employees, enacting the BYOD policy in the hotel culture and operating the platforms for mobile messaging. The quantity of data available about the client and hotel plans is extensive. Therefore the employees must be acquainted with the effective knowledge of communication for properly completing the job. For that Jani Han (2013), state that the hotel management system must install a communication system for channelizing the information such as; onboarding initiatives, info about the guests staying in the hotel and health and safety data. Sharing the sales figure, goals of the hotel and reasons behind the management decisions with the staffs and employees not only result in the growth of trust and engagement with them but also roots good communication process between the employees and higher authority in the hotel. The various and regular workshops can be helpful for providing the necessary reinforcement practices in the hotel culture. These workshops can be useful for establishing effective communication with the employees as it provides them a platform for speaking out their problems and ideas. But Cheong, Ling, Teh (2014), have focused on the idea that the current age is the age of Smartphone and people have become acquainted and addicted to the usage of Smartphone in every sphere of life. If the hotel starts the BYOD policy, it will encourage more employees to access the necessary information at any instant of time. BYOD can be helpful in easing the work and establishing the effective communication. The new communication tools provide ease of flexible, safe and operative messaging between the management and hotel staffs. It helps in segmentation and fast notification to the employees by deliver ing the message within a short time. The email, push notifications, and messaging services help in establishing the effective communication. It helps in engaging the employees for increasing the communication. Allen (2016), have classified the formal communication in hotel occur in four different forms. Downward communication is the form of the communication process in which the superiors declare the instructions, orders and other works using the emails, memorandums, bulletins, etc. Upward is the process in which the subordinate reports work related matters to their immediate superiors either in written or verbal form. Navarro, Garzon, Roig-Tierno (2015), have contradicted it for the communication stages in the hotel with respect to the communication process. The hotel owner and higher authority who determines the goals of the hotel is the sender. The plan and schemes for marketing and attaining the end goal could be termed as the message. This message (plan and schemes) are given the form of deals and offer which is similar to encoding. The channel for communication in the hotel structure is the meetings that happen at regular interval. Tuten, Solomon (2014), have shown that various pla tforms like LinkedIn, Twitter and YouTube serve not only the purpose of marketing but also online functionality and monitoring purposes. These sites can be used for interaction with the customers in all the three phases of experience; before, during and after vacations. Rubin, Prizant, Laurent Wetherby (2013), have stated Social Communication process has played a significant role in the management process and attaining the managerial goals. Social media communication has facilitated the direct customer communication with low cost expenditure. As stated by Park et al., (2012), direct communication acts as a two-way communication process between the customers and hotel authority. It helps in promoting the honesty and transparency. On the other hand, Bartlett, Reffin, Rumball Williamson (2014), have stated the argument that the growth of use of social media can also be misleading. Virtual communication lacks the tangible form that was mainly seen in the traditional form of communication. Apart from it, Social Medias communication has greatly opted for marketing and advertising. Fuchs, (2013) has views against the use of Social Medias for communication in Hotel Industry because of the lack of real communication form and no scope for face to face meeti ng. Roebuck, Siha, Bell, (2013) have expressed the main advantage of utilizing the social sites for communication as the cost factor. Most of the social sites are free of cost. Thus it provides easy communication without any expense. The creation of a profile for hotel and posting the information is simple and interactive. On the other hand, Goh, Heng Lin (2013), have contradicted this cost effective method of communication with the security issues on these sites. The profile requires filling up of details on these sites. There is a possibility that these details can be utilized in a wrong way. Rapp, Beitelspacher, Grewal Hughes (2013), have expressed that by using Social Sites for communication in the hotel provides the advantage of achieving the target and attracting the customers for voluntarily joining or in the Twitter sense following the link. The attractiveness of the social site and ease of communication can result in customers wanting the information about the hotel. In contradiction, Wu et al., (2015), have ideas that the communication storage on these social sites is volatile in nature. It is available for only a short time because with newer post and messages, and the older messages get shifted. Stajner et al., (2013), have stated that the communication using social sites spreads automatically with the passage of time. The social sites have options like pay-per-click that encourages customers to spread the news with their known persons. It helps in expanding the reach of the people for the particular hotel information. Tuten, Angermeier (2013), have pointed th at these social sites can be used for creating a bad image of the hotel as well. It is possible that faults and false news of the hotel can also be spread using these social sites. According to Duhe Wright (2013), communication in social media can be used in two prime ways for hotel communication context. The commonly studied part for communication is the usage of social communication tools for establishing effective communication with external bodies like; guests, service suppliers, and the public. However, He Yan, (2013) have stated that the customer blogs available for the hotel guests require keeping under control and supervision. Proper investigation is necessary specifically for the communication process in which Social Medias are used. Ru-Chu, (2013) has explained the benefits of using Facebook as Social Media for establishing the communication. Three simple steps are required to be done for establishing the communication. At first, a creative page for the hotel should be made, and the guest and followers should be added to the page. Now the wall would serve as the communication platform for the guests and establish the external communication. On the other hand, Ahmed, Abed, Hassoon, Ahmed, (2016) have pointed out the process of utilizing the Instagram as the communication tool for the hotel. It is a trending fashion for communication used in a social site. The hashtags and pictures of the hotel can be used with the comment section for effective communication. However, according to Lasorsa, Lewis Holton (2012), twitter has the most number of people, and even celebrities use it. Therefore, it can be used for effective communication. Adding the link of the hotel's website in the trending section with GPS availabili ty allows the hotel managers to communicate with people on a large scale and making them aware of the happening in the hotel. Wrench, (2013) has classified the strategies of external communication using social media as per the requirement of each step. The first step deals with auditing the current communication tools along with their drawbacks and advantages. The second step requires measuring the options that could be used for gaining the drawbacks of the existing situation. The last step is the implementation of the communication tools developed. Ding et al., (2012), contradict the idea for implementing the new tools because it would require buying new technology and hiring new people for dealing with the new communication tools. There is the costing factor that would act as negative point for the implementation of the new communication tool. According to Muhic Lundberg, (2016) the strategies that are required for implementing the external communication using social medias consists of creating awareness among the hotel guests and clients for utilizing the social media for checking about the hotel and communicating with the authorities. The system required for gathering the perception and knowledge of the employees who would promote social media communication to the customers. On the contrary, Shimp Andrews, (2012) have put the focus on developing the plan for the promotion of communication using social Medias in the hotel management. Conclusion The report is a critical analysis of social media tools that helps in understanding the role of social media as a communication tool in hotel system. The social media can be used effectively for communication both internally and externally. The plan developed should convey the message clearly too all its clients and service providers for establishing the effective communication. The essay above has developed communication process using Social Medias in the hotel administration for effective management and communication between the hotel mangers and clients. On the other hand, there is a probability of misusing the social media for creating bad impression for the hotel. Therefore it is necessary to use the Social Medias effectively for communication along with security measures. References Ahmed, A. M., Abed, H. N., Hassoon, N. H., Ahmed, A. L. (2016). The Impact of Digital Communication on Social Networks: A Review. Allen, M. (2016). Transformational Organizational Change, Reinforcing Structures, and Formal Communication. InStrategic Communication for Sustainable Organizations(pp. 139-188). Springer International Publishing. Bartlett, J., Reffin, J., Rumball, N., Williamson, S. (2014). Anti-social media.Demos, 1-51. Chang, K. C., Kuo, N. T., Hsu, C. L., Cheng, Y. S. (2014). The Impact of Website Quality and Perceived Trust on Customer Purchase Intention in the Hotel Sector: Website Brand and Perceived Value as Moderators.International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology,5(4), 255. Cheong, S. N., Ling, H. C., Teh, P. L. (2014). Secure encrypted steganography graphical password scheme for near field communication smartphone access control system.Expert Systems with Applications,41(7), 3561-3568. Ding, Q., Katenka, N., Barford, P., Kolaczyk, E., Crovella, M. (2012, August). Intrusion as (anti) social communication: characterization and detection. 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EuroCHRIE. Jani, D., Han, H. (2013). Personality, social comparison, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: How do these and other factors relate in a hotel setting?.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(7), 970-993. Kim, W.G., Lim, H. Brymer, R.A., 2015. The effectiveness of managing social media on hotel performance.International Journal of Hospitality Management,44, pp.165-171. Lasorsa, D. L., Lewis, S. C., Holton, A. E. (2012). Normalizing Twitter: Journalism practice in an emerging communication space.Journalism studies,13(1), 19-36. Lee, S.A. Oh, H., 2013. Effective communication strategies for hotel guests green behavior.Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, p.1938965513504029. Muhic, E., Lundberg, S. (2016). Communicating-what and to whom?: A Qualitative Study of Stadium's CSR Practice and External Communication. Navarro, S., Garzn, D., Roig-Tierno, N. (2015). Co-creation in hoteldisable customer interactions.Journal of Business Research,68(7), 1630-1634. Osterrieder, A. (2013). The value and use of social media as communication tool in the plant sciences.Plant methods,9(1), 1. Park, H. S., Levine, T. R., Weber, R., Lee, H. E., Terra, L. I., Botero, I. C., ... Wilson, M. S. (2012). Individual and cultural variations in direct communication style.International Journal of Intercultural Relations,36(2), 179-187. Quirke, M. B. (2012).Making the connections: using internal communication to turn strategy into action. Gower Publishing, Ltd.. Radovic, G., 2015. Spatial and technological design principles of mountain resort hotels. InApplied Mechanics and Materials(Vol. 725, pp. 1063-1071). Trans Tech Publications. Rapp, A., Beitelspacher, L. S., Grewal, D., Hughes, D. E. (2013). Understanding social media effects across seller, retailer, and consumer interactions.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,41(5), 547-566. Roebuck, D., Siha, S., Bell, R. L. (2013).Faculty usage of social media and mobile devices: analysis of advantages and concerns. DigitalCommons@ Kennesaw State University. Ru-Chu, S. H. I. H. (2013). Effect of using Facebook to assist English for business communication course instruction.TOJET: The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology,12(1). Rubin, E., Prizant, B. M., Laurent, A. C., Wetherby, A. M. (2013). Social Communication, Emotional Regulation, and Transactional Support (SCERTS). InInterventions for Autism Spectrum Disorders(pp. 107-127). Springer New York. Sarjanoja, A. H., Isomursu, M., Hkkil, J. (2013, October). Small talk with facebook: phatic communication in social media. InProceedings of International Conference on Making Sense of Converging Media(p. 118). ACM. Shimp, T. A., Andrews, J. C. (2012).Advertising promotion and other aspects of integrated marketing communications. Cengage Learning. Stajner, T., Thomee, B., Popescu, A. 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The Comparison Between the Two Different International Editions of Vogue Magazine

Due to the ongoing process of Globalization, the contents of the most popular media-products are now becoming increasingly uniformed. This simply could not be otherwise, because the earlier mentioned process presupposes standardization. In its turn, the latter allows companies to substantially increase the extent of their commercial effectiveness.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Comparison Between the Two Different International Editions of Vogue Magazine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As Vrontis, Thrassou and Lamprianou pointed out: â€Å"The experiences of a growing number of multinational companies suggest that there are potential gains to be obtained by standardizing marketing practices† (480). At the same time, however, it is now becoming increasingly clear to marketing managers that, in order for a particular media-product to appeal to the targeted audience, it must be psychologically attuned to how the audience members tend to perceive the surrounding socio-cultural reality. This creates objective preconditions for the media-products’ content to be semiotically consistent with what happened the specifics of an ethno-cultural affiliation, on the part of potential consumers. After all, today’s psychologists are thoroughly aware of the fact that it is namely the particulars of how one positions itself, in the ethno-cultural sense of this word, which defines the concerned individual’s existential mode more than anything else does. Therefore, it does not come as a particular surprise that, as of today, marketing strategies utilized by the owners of transnational media-corporations in different parts of the world, do take into consideration the discursively relevant aspects of the targeted audiences’ cultural uniqueness. In this respect, we can only agree with Sinclair and Wilken, who noted that: â€Å"While the economic logic of globaliza tion might impel global marketers to seek the theoretical advantages of standardization, experience with the realities of linguistic and other cultural differences has obliged them to go some distance towards the ‘glocalization’ of their marketing campaigns† (147). In this paper, I will explore the validity of the earlier suggestion at length, while analyzing the discursive significance of the visual and textual messages, explicitly/implicitly conveyed by the covers of the UK and the US editions of Vogue Magazine (February, 2010). The most easily identified difference between the two covers is that, whereas, the US cover depicts a clearly Caucasian model (Jessica Biel), the UK cover depicts a model (Cheryl Cole) that can be best identified as a someone who has been born in the multiracial family. In fact, on the magazine’s cover, the latter appears to be at least partially Pakistani, in the ethno-cultural sense of this word.Advertising Looking for rese arch paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In its turn, this can be explained by the specifics of how the policy of multiculturalism is being implemented in the US, on the one hand, and in the UK, on the other. Whereas, in the US, the policy of the multiculturalism enjoys a rather semi-official status, in Britain it is in fact being enforced upon citizens. Moreover, whereas, in the U.S., the representatives of racial minorities do not exercise enough political influence, in order to be able to directly affect the process of the country’s domestic and foreign policies being designed and implemented, this is far from being the case in the UK. After all, it does not represent much of a secret that, as of today, a growing number of British socially prominent intellectuals, as well as religious figures, does support the adoption of the Islamic Sharia Law, as the British jurisprudence’s integral pa rt (Rodgers and Lindsey 8). This, of course, suggests that, due to the essence of demographic dynamics within the British society, the UK is on the path of becoming increasingly ‘traditional’ country, where more and more citizens are willing to affiliate themselves with the values of the religion-based morality. Partially, this explains the apparent dichotomy between the postures of the depicted models on the covers of the US and the UK editions of Vogue. For example, the cover-photo of Jessica Biel implies that the depicted model is an intellectually liberated woman, who is thoroughly comfortable with taking an active stance in life. This is because, as it can be seen on the cover, she is being represented in the manner that stresses out her emotional comfortableness with what happened to be her existential self-identity of a person, unaffected by the conventions of the ‘traditional’ morality. These conventions presuppose that women should present themselv es as essentially timid creatures, who can only realize their full potential while in the relationship with men. Yet, while understanding perfectly well the sheer power of her feminine charms, Biel does not seem to be willing to fetishize them, as if she wanted to say: â€Å"I am an independent woman and I am proud to be what I am†. This is the reason why Biel’s image conveys the subtle message of ‘liberation’ – the woman in question clearly thinks that there so much more to her individuality than merely her good looks.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Comparison Between the Two Different International Editions of Vogue Magazine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The same, however, cannot be said about the photographic image of Cheryl Cole, featured on the cover of the UK edition of Vogue. After all, there can be only a few doubts as to the fact that the manner in whic h she has been photographed, implies her affiliation with the traditional virtues of womanhood, commonly associated with the notions of timidness, passiveness and shyness. The very defensive manner, in which Cole holds her hands (as if she wanted to protect its innate existential essence), suggests that on a subconscious level, she is aware of her own fragility, as an individual. At the same time, however, she appears to be simultaneously aware of the fact that it is specifically men, who can help her to realize the full extent of its existential potential – hence, the strongly defined spirit of a sexual seductiveness, emanated by the UK cover of Vogue. In this respect, Cole’s cover-image does seem to be discursively consistent with Weininger’s suggestion that: â€Å"A woman does not value herself by the constancy and freedom of her personality†¦ (she) can only value herself at the rate of the man who has fixed his choice on her† (123). It is needles s to mention, of course, that there are male-chauvinistic overtones to the above quoted suggestion. Yet, they resonate perfectly well with how monotheistic religions (such as Christianity and Islam) used to treat women. Given the fact that, as it was pointed out earlier, Britain is on the way of becoming nothing less of a quasi-Islamic state, it makes a logical sense for the UK-based publishers of Vogue to strive to appeal to the religion-driven aesthetic tastes of British Muslims, which will soon attain the status of the country’s actual ethic majority. The legitimacy of this idea can also be illustrated, in regards to what appear to be the qualitative aspects of how both models are dressed. For example, as it can be seen on the US cover of Vogue, Biel wears a man’s shirt and a denim-costume. In its turn, this signifies even further the depicted model’s emotional comfortableness with the idea that women are not restricted to wearing only ‘gender-appropria te’ attires. The reason for this is simple – denim-fabrics, in general, and jeans, in particular, have traditionally been associated with the masculine virtue of industriousness (Woodward and Miller 7). Therefore, by willing to wear clothes made out of denim, women unconsciously exhibit their subliminal desire to cease being subjected to a patriarchal oppression, the important element of which has always been prescribing the representatives of a ‘weak sex’ to refrain from putting on these kind of clothes. Despite the fact that, as we have noted earlier, the religions of Christianity and Islam are equally oppressive towards women, in the US, the majority of Christians cannot be referred as ‘true believers’, in the classical sense of this word. One of the reasons for that that, as of today, the religion of Christianity in Western countries has ceased affecting people’s lives de facto, because the sheer fallaciousness of this religion†™s dogmas is clear to even moderately bright Whites.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the reasons for this is that, due to its outdatedness, the Christian code of behavioral ethics no longer correlates with what happened to be the cognitive aspirations of modern people (Rawls 95).  Because in the US, fundamental Christians consist of intellectually marginalized outcasts, they are not in the position to apply any pressure upon those women who refuse to share their male-chauvinistic religious nonsense. The same can be said about Islamic fundamentalists in the US – the FBI is keeping them on a short leash. This is why, Biel’s decision to appear on the cover of Vogue, while wearing a denim-outfit, appears fully justified – she never had a reason to be trying to appease conservatively minded citizens, in the first place. In Britain, the situation in this respect is quite different. Because this country can no longer be considered thoroughly secularized, non-religious British citizens are now being unofficially required to refrain from positio ning themselves as intellectually liberated individuals, as the growing population of Muslims in this country may find it offensive. The validity of this statement can be well illustrated in regards to the recent incident of the British soldier Lee Rigby having been decapitated on the streets of London by the Muslim believer Michael Adebolajo in broad daylight. In the aftermath, high-ranking officials from the British army advised British soldiers not to wear a uniform, when they are off-duty, in order not to anger Muslims (Shiv 9). In my opinion, the earlier described socio-cultural situation in Britain partially explains the particulars of Cole’s appearance on the cover of the UK edition of Vogue. After all, as it can be well seen on it, even though she wears a clearly feminine yellow dress, due to being ‘lose’, it effectively conceals the model’s bodily curves. Yet, this is exactly what Muslim women’s traditional dresses are supposed to do, so th at when looking at women in these dresses, men do not get overly excited and consequently refrain from considering to commit the sin of adultery.  Nevertheless, it is not only the visual subtleties of the discussed Vogue-covers that hint at the specifics of the cultural climate in the affiliated countries, but the textual ones, as well. For example, in the left upper corner of the US cover, we can read: â€Å"Not in the mood? The quest for a female Viagra†. It is needless to mention, of course, that the pharmaceutical term ‘Viagra’ has the clearly defined undertones of masculinity, as the drug in question was designed specifically for enhancing men’s sexual potency. In its turn, the notion of male sexuality cannot be discussed outside of how men go about adopting a particularly active stance, while looking for female sex-partners and having sexual intercourses with them. Therefore, the combination of the words ‘female’ and ‘Viagra†™ implies that women who are cognitively comfortable with it, do not necessarily think that passivity/submissiveness accounts for the integral element of their lifestyles – quite on the contrary. Given the fact that ever since the time of its founding, the US remained an essentially secularized state (the country’s Constitution proclaims the separation between Church and State), it is not surprising that in this country, even moderately religious women do support the idea that it is fully appropriate, on their part, to explore their sexuality actively. In this respect, the situation in the UK is quite different. After all, the UK Constitution openly states that Protestantism is even today considered the country’s state-religion (Madeley 275). Partially, this explains why, as compared to what it happened to be the case with American women, British women have traditionally been deemed much more ‘classy’ – that is, more passive and shy in thei r relationships with men. The latter presupposes that, as compared to American women, British women are much merely likely to overlook the discursively derogative sounding of a number of terms, to which they are being exposed, such as ‘chic’, for example. Predictably enough, one of the topics, advertised on the cover of the UK edition of Vogue, features the word ‘chic’ rather prominently: â€Å"Office chic. New weekday wardrobe†. Even though that this term means ‘style’, it clearly resonates with the word ‘chick’, which is a slang-word that derived out of the notion of ‘chicken’ – hence, degrading women, as being somewhat less human. There is, however, even more to it – because the mentioned topic features the word ‘chic’ in conjunction with the word ‘weekday’, the combination of these two words implies that the physiological specifics of women’s gender-affiliation, makes them less adequate, in the professional sense of this word. After all, this topic implicitly suggests that, even when addressing their professional duties (during the course of weekdays), women never cease remaining solely concerned with the matter of their physical appearance.  Essentially the same line of argumentation can be used, when it comes to discussing the discursive significance of other topics, mentioned on the covers of the UK and the US editions of Vogue. For example, one of the topics on the cover of the US edition of this magazine state: â€Å"Clothing to borrow from your boyfriend†. Apparently, it never occurred to those who came up with this topic that there could be anything wrong about women wearing men’s clothes. The reason for this is quite apparent – the very secularized realities of a post-industrial living in America naturally predispose women to think of the extent of a particular clothing-item’s appropriateness, as such, that reflects its functional subtleties. Why not to wear men’s shirts or trousers, if the circumstances call for it?  The same thought, however, would probably never occur to British women. This is because, being traditionally minded, they tend to deal with life-challenges indirectly – that is, they tend to rely upon men, when it comes to addressing these challenges. Therefore, as opposed to what it happened to be the case with their rationally minded American counterparts, the majority of British women believes that it is namely their feminine charms, which allow them to advance in life more than anything else does. Hence, the meaning of the question: â€Å"Can you live without mascara?†, featured on the cover of the UK edition of Vogue – the fact that this question is clearly rhetorical, suggests that it is quite impossible for women to enjoy living, while sparred of the opportunity to apply a makeup to their faces. Apparently, the article’s a uthor was perfectly aware of what happened to the innermost essence of British women’s subliminal anxieties, in this respect. Given what has been said earlier in the paper, these do appear to be dialectically predetermined.  There is another topic, featured on the cover of the US edition of Vogue, which can be discussed, as such that reflects American women’s tendency to indulge in pursuits, which have been traditionally been ‘assigned’ to men: â€Å"Close encounter. The tale of an almost adulteress†. This topic suggests that the publishers of the US edition of Vogue do realize what accounts for the actual nature of female sexuality, as such that is being physiologically rather than socially defined. This is because the suggestion that it is indeed possible for women to enter into the adulterous relationship with men implies that, contrary to what many women themselves tend to think, their sexual desires are being just as strong, as compared to th e ones of men. What it means is that a particular woman’s ability to enjoy sex as much as she wants, does not solely depend on whether she happened to possess good looks or not, but also on whether she is committed enough to end up in bed with the man she covets (Musser 23). It is needless to mention, of course, that this subtly conveyed suggestion parts away with the conventions of the religion-based patriarchal morality, which objectualize women. Therefore, we can well speculate that this topic’s prominent display on the US cover of Vogue signifies the validity of the idea that the American society is indeed more progressive than the British one – at least in respect of how it treats women. Had this not been the case, the UK cover of Vogue would not feature topics that do advocate the legitimacy of women’s willingness to objectualize themselves, as something fully appropriate. Yet, this is clearly not the case. For example, the topic seen in the UK cove r’s bottom right corner, states: â€Å"What it takes to get a supermodel’s body?†. This topic implies both: The measure of a particular woman’s de facto worthiness is solely concerned with her physical looks It is entirely appropriate for women to strive to be as thin, as possible, so that they would be in a position to successfully marry off, and to consequently attain the dubious happiness of pursuing the lifestyle of a pretty but brainless ‘doll’ – at the expense of being unable to give birth to healthy children. After all, it does not represent any secret for physicians that unnaturally skinny women (such as supermodels) do experience troubles at childbirth. Yet, male-chauvinistic societies could not care less about women’s physical well-being, but only about whether women can serve men as sexual toys, which is why in these societies; women are encouraged to take part in the ‘discourse of thinness’ (Neff 10). Therefore, the earlier mentioned topic can well serve as an indication of the fact that, despite its formal affiliation with the dogmas of political correctness, the British society remains rather oppressive towards women.  Quite clearly, this is not being the case in America, where women are being encouraged to explore their existential uniqueness, without paying too much attention to what happened to their actual physical shape. As another topic, featured on the US cover (‘The refreshingly real Jessica Biel’) suggests, it is namely the depicted model’s intellectual open-mindedness, reflected by the woman’s comfortableness with being who she is, which deserved her the right to appear in this particular edition of Vogue. It is understood, of course, that Biel is indeed sexy. However, what adds more than anything else does to the aura of sexiness, emanated by the model, is that, as it was mentioned earlier, her very posture implies that she has no psychol ogical complexes, whatsoever, in regards to being a thoroughly modern woman. In the UK edition of Vogue, however, the notion of modernity appears subtly ostracized, as one of the featured topics does encourage readers to adopt a cyclic outlook on what accounts for the essence of historical dynamics: â€Å"The return of 60’s glamour†.  Even though that as a ‘thing in itself’, this particular topic is best referred to as ideologically neutral, there are strongly defined discursive connotations to it, because it implies that it is possible for the ‘past’ to return. Because there are indeed a number of good reasons to believe that the British society is undergoing the initial phase of the process of deindustrialization/clericalization (induced by the ‘invasion’ of Muslims), we can refer to the mentioned topic, as such that is being metaphysically consistent with the society’s ongoing qualitative transformation. As it was stat ed in the Introduction, in regards to the covers of the UK and the US editions of Vogue, there is indeed a good rationale in believing that Globalization does result in the standardization of the media products’ content. The very laws of a historical progress predetermine this state of affairs. Nevertheless, the culturally defined specifics of how the members of targeted audiences tend to perceive the surrounding reality, do affect this content’s societal implications. Therefore, even though that the US and the UK based editions of Vogue do feature themes and motifs that the magazine’s publishers consider being potentially appealing to women, the discursive significance the covered topics cannot be discussed outside of what account for the specifics of the socio-cultural climate in America and Britain. This once again exposes the fallaciousness of those sociological theories that treat humanity in terms of a homogeneous compound, consisted of the representatives of Homo Sapiens species. Apparently, one’s ethno-cultural affiliation does affect the concerned individual’s cognitive inclinations rather substantially. I believe that this conclusion is fully consistent with the paper’s initial thesis. Works Cited Madeley, John. â€Å"Unequally Yoked: The Antinomies of Church-State Separation in  Europe and the USA.† European Political Science 8.3 (2009): 273-288. Print. Musser, Jamilla. â€Å"On the Orgasm of the Species: Female Sexuality, Science and  Sexual Difference.† Feminist Review 102 (2012): 1-20. Print. Neff, Jack. â€Å"Study: Stick to Skinny Models for Fat Profits.† Advertising Age 79.30  (2008): 4-28. Print. Rawls, Anne. Epistemology and Practice: Durkheim’s ‘The Elementary Forms of  Religious Life’. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Print. Rodgers, Melissa and Cheryl Lindsey. â€Å"United Kingdom: Archbishop of  Canterbury Advocates Sharia for Britai n.† Off Our Backs 37.4 (2007): 8-9. Print. Shiv, Malik. â€Å"Woolwich Aftermath: ‘I am a soldier,’ Adebolajo Tells Old Bailey  Hearing.† The Guardian 6 Jun. 2013: 9. Print. Sinclair, John and Rowan Wilken. â€Å"Strategic Regionalization in Marketing  Campaigns: Beyond the Standardization/Glocalization Debate.† Continuum: Journal of Media Cultural Studies 23.2 (2009): 147-157. Print. Vrontis, Demetris; Thrassou, Alkis and Iasonas Lamprianou. â€Å"International  Ã‚  Marketing Adaptation versus Standardization of Multinational Companies.† International Marketing Review 26.4/5 (2009): 477-500. Print. Weininger, Otto 1906, Sex Character. PDF file. Web. Woodward, Sophie and Daniel.Miller. â€Å"Unraveling Denim: Introduction.† Textile:  The Journal of Cloth Culture 9.1 (2011): 6-10. Print. This research paper on The Comparison Between the Two Different International Editions of Vogue Magazine was written and submitted by user Felipe Nash to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Leadership in Organisation - Essay Example There is a growing presence of women in almost all aspects of employment, and particularly in top management positions, in recent years. The contribution of women, in executive level in organizational success over the years, is unprecedented, thus indicating their strong leadership skills and professionalism at the workplace. There is also a change in their social expectations, and their advocacy by various groups, to ensure equal opportunities at the workplace has further ensured honing of such skills. It is on account of these reasons, that the performance of women managers and leaders, that the case for a strong ethical leadership, irrespective of the gender, has gained momentum. Furthermore, the rise in complexity and composition of the global markets has expanded the scope of businesses as never before, thus leading to more pressure on the top level management to perform and excel in their respective fields. Such external factors have led to retention and promotion of skilled wo men in managerial positions, across all levels in the organizational hierarchy. Such an increase in female corporate leaders in recent times can be attributed to the changing dynamics of the industry, as well as the change in conventional definitions and practices of the concept of leadership in general. Contrary to the conventional definition of the concept, leadership in the post-industrialized era refers to the ability of individuals to motivate, empower and engage the employees and subordinates, and team members as well as empathize with them. (Hammer & Champy, 1994; Senge, 1994). Research suggests that there is still a vast difference between the leadership and management styles followed by male and female leaders. It is on account of this reason that the proverbial ‘glass ceiling’ still exists in terms of appointment of women in top management positions particularly in fields such as finance and technology. According to Schein (2001) the ‘think manager, think male’ approach to appointing individuals in top leadership positions, ex ists in various countries across the globe, despite the change in socio-cultural environment, and the advancement of policies advocating equal opportunities to women. It has also been observed that in the developed

Stakeholders In Planning Of Change

Stakeholders In Planning Of Change Prior to implementing a companywide change, it is important to get stakeholders on board. Organisations take their stakeholders into confidence, just to ensure the smooth transition, since they are the one who will be affected by the change. For an organisation stakeholder can be its employees, customers, suppliers, shareholders, managers, government, local community, creditors etc. n order to achieve this goal, stakeholder analyses are carried out. Stakeholder Analysis The process of identifying those who will be affected by the actions of organisation. It also enables the managers to analyze the attitudes of stakeholders towards the change. In order to carry out these analysis, following steps are taken: Identify the stakeholders in stakeholder analysis the first step is to come up with the list of any who will be affected by the organisational actions, this can include an individual, a group or an organisation. The possible stakeholders for Gill Construction can be: new Managing Director previous MD senior managers suppliers lenders / banks customers public future recruits, environment protection groups regulatory bodies Prioritize your stakeholders For organisations the list of stakeholders can be very long, in one case of university 20,000 stakeholders were identified. This doesnt mean that everyone is very important to the organisation. Hence the next step in stakeholder analysis is to prioritize stakeholders. This can be done using Power / Interest Grid. Using this grid, Gill construction can identify their key stakeholders, which can be: new Managing Director senior managers suppliers lenders / banks customers public environment protection groups and regulatory bodies existing workforce Understand Your Key Stakeholders this is the last step in stakeholder analysis. It focuses on understanding the key stakeholders, and defines the way they will be affected. It also highlights the interests stakeholders have with the organisation. It answers the following question: What financial or emotional interest do they have in the outcome of change? Is it positive or negative? What motivates them? What information do they want? How do they want to receive information? What is the best way of communicating with them? What is their current opinion? Is it based on good information? Who influences their opinions generally? Do some of these influencers therefore become important stakeholders in their own right? If they are not likely to be positive, what will win them around to support change? How to manage their opposition How they can influence others by their opinion? Convergence and Divergence Another model adopted by management gurus to analyze the stakeholders. It enables the managers to identify the factors which are opposing the stakeholders and which are supporting it. Divergence analysis of the factors which are opposing the change for stakeholders. The first step is to identify the basic change factors which are causing the opposition, these can be beliefs, values, and goals associated with the stake holders. Managers need to answers like What are their beliefs about change and which have led them to oppose it? What are the values being transgressed by change actions? Are their stress values being triggered? How is the change affecting their career social goals? Managers also need into their perception of the change, analyzing this can give them huge edge converting their opposition. They need to answer questions like What do they think about change? What do they think will happen? How do they look at other stakeholders? Convergence elements which are supporting the change. It is much focused on those who oppose the change. Managers need to understand who they are dealing with, what they are capabable how and how they can affect them. For-example A regulatory body or HSE will have permission to shut down the work in progress if they find anything in violation of the laws. Also in case of Supply chain, they may also ruin their relationship with the supplier. Banks and Lenders will have their leverage over the organisation since a loan was taken for the purchase of new machinery. Managers need to look into the following cases: How the stakeholder will be managed? Do they need any leadership or they will just follow? What made them follow the leadership How will they support the change? How prepared are they for the change? Evaluate the systems used to involve stakeholders in the planning of change Stakeholders Circle: A tool designed to gain stakeholder commitment and involve the key stakeholders in developing a change management strategy. This cycle has six steps and also known as Six Steps Stakeholders Cycle Identify the stakeholders The first step is to identify the key stakeholders, which can influence and have interest within the organisation. Prioritize the stake holders Managers need to identify the key stakeholder using the Power-Interest Grid. For Gill Construction these key stakeholders are : MD Employees Management Customers Suppliers Regulatory Bodies Map the Profile next step is to map the profile, how will they be affected, what is in the change for them, how they can be supported, what kind of support we can get from them, what are their culture and values. All the questions will be answered at this point Engagement strategy At this point a managers need to decide how they are going to address the issues of stakeholders in order to gain their commitment and support. New MD of Gill Construction need to hold a meeting with management of the company. Clearly define what He wants to achieve and what his goals are. Since his goal is to improve the quality of the work done and also expand the business. It will be then the job of Management to directly contact their respective staff members and explain the situation to them. Ideas for improvement will be taken. Meeting and Presentations will be held with suppliers and explain your objective to them. Also Management will seek advice from regulatory bodies to assists them in improving the H S at workplace. Banks and Lenders will also be taken into confidence. A clear business plan will be presented to them. Optimise their Support next step in this cycle is to optimise the support from stakeholders. Managers need to be very clear and specific about their objective to the stakeholder and try to get most out of them. They need to keep good relationships with their lenders/ banks and suppliers. Monitor the last and final stage is to monitor the strategy. They need to keep going back to their stakeholders and ensure their support is still with them. If they have any kind of doubts they need to clear them out. Develop a change management strategy with stakeholders A strategy will be formed which will help management at Gill Construction to gain commitment from their stakeholders. A general change management strategy involves three steps: Situational awareness before a companywide change is implemented, everyone will be made aware of the change and what is going to happen in result of this change. A vision will be created Stakeholders will be informed that how this will effect. Suppliers will be notified about what will be expected of them. Employees will be taken into confidence to avoid panic. Supporting structures second step is to structure teams and sponsor coalition. They will be debriefed about who is going to do what. If they will be let go off, they will be informed at this stage. They will be informed that they need to trained to operate the new machinery. Bank or Lender will be informed about new purchases and equipment. New policy about H S will be sent to HSE and they will be informed about it. Suppliers will be contacted and new terms regarding JIT will be set, also material price will be revisited. Strategy analysis this stage involves risk analysis to be carried out. what degree of risk is involved in this change. What will happen if this strategy fails. In case there is no progress even after this change, what will we do, what if lenders refuse to pass a load. In case of resistance from stakeholders a resistance to change strategy will be required. Management will give their best to negotiate on good terms with the suppliers and use the bargaining power. Management also need to convince the bank and lenders to pass the load and take them into confidence. Create a strategy for managing resistance to change It is in human nature that whenever they are asked to move out of their comfort zone or change, they resist it. When organisations go under change it is very obvious that stakeholders will be afraid of its outcome. Hence it is very important to manage this resistance because this resistance can raise the risk factor during the change or transition process. Passive versus Active Resistance A framework adopted from Active Passive Being critical Agreeing verbally but not following through Ridiculing failing to implement change Appealing to fear Procrastinating or dragging one feet Using facts selectively Feigning ignorance Blaming or accusing Withholding information, suggestion, help or support Intimidating or threatening Standing by or allowing change to fail Manipulating Blocking Starting rumours Arguing Managing Resistance Before a change is implemented it is very important for managers to either eliminate resistance completely or bring it down to a very lower level such that it has a very minor effect. There can be number of ways for managing this resistance. Some of the ways adopted by Gill Construction can be: Communication everyone within the organisation should be made aware of the situation. Managers need to communicate openly with all the stakeholders and discuss the issues with them. Even if they are supporting the change management need to check with them back to back to ensure the full commitment. Management need to hold meetings, brainstorming session with the staff and communicate with them. Suggestions will be taken from the staff and their participation will be encouraged. Training staff will be provided with appropriate training to build up their skills so that they can operate the new machinery. This will help to eliminate the resistance put up by the operational workforce. Also work-shops will be held with other staff to ensure that they are not left behind. They will be provided with the information and steps involved in this transition will be explained to them. Feedback Taking feedback or suggestions from the stakeholders is always the best way to gain their commitment. This shows to them that management is still listening to them and they hold a value to them. Taking feedback about the training is also good to monitor the staff performance. Develop appropriate models for change In the current scenario, Gill Construction has newly appointed Managing Director, who is not very happy with the current operational situation of the organization .He wants to improve the internal situation of the organization as well as the product quality. In past there were a lot of incidents related to poor health and safety at work place, this was due to the fact that no one was following the policy. Also there were cases of project being delayed due to the lack of appropriate equipment and machinery. Since the management decided to go under a change they have faced a heavy resistance from Suppliers, and employees. Also there were concerns over H S policy. The appropriate change management model for Gill construction would be ADKAR model by Prosci. Awareness Management need to create awareness among all the stakeholders and communicate the vision to them clearly, this will help to get them on board. Meeting will be held with suppliers and explain to them about the Just in Time approach for the material in order to avoid storage costs and material wastage. Employees will be explained that what will be expected of them. They will be informed about the new machinery and equipment and their usage. They will also be debriefed about following H S policies or they will face fine. Desire next step is to get feedback from the stakeholders and see what they desire. Full stakeholder participation will be encouraged. They will also monitor the desire for the stakeholders to change. This will be done using meeting and brainstorming sessions Knowledge next step is to educate and train the staff. This will help to motivate the work force and gain their trust. A list will be made regarding the skills and knowledge needed to support the change. If the supplier can provide the stuff on time. Ability even if the stakeholders have the skills and knowledge to support the change but do they have the ability to support it. For-example Supplier has the complete knowledge of JIT and has skilled work force but do not have enough sources or ability to carry it out. Same is the case with employees they might have skills to operate the machinery but they might not have ability to work at a certain place Reinforcement the last step is to reinforce the sources to retain change. Training should be provided to the staff to motivate them and make them feel empower. Also managers need to look if the current supplier cannot agree on the new terms than a new supplier might be required. Plan to implement a model for change Organizational Development A companywide effort to increase organizations effectiveness. It focuses to change the beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of the organization, so that it can adopt the change e.g. technological or new market or competitor. OD involves process re-engineering and system re-structuring within the organization to increase the effectiveness. Business Process Re-engineering- the complete rethinking, redesigning and reengineering of the business process. The process of material delivery or supply chain will be redesigned. Supplier will be asked to adopt the JIT approach and supply the material at right time. The material will be kept in very low quantity, and if there is need of more material Mangers have to inform supplier prior to 3-days. They will demand for more stock when they have 20% of the stock left. Also Management will adopt a strict approach towards H S policies at work place. If anyone found in violation of these policies will be heavily fined. Customers will be in direct contact with the Project Manager and everything will be done through him. Project Manager will discuss the issues with senior management on weekly basis. Push-Pull Strategy In the current system, organization is following the Push Strategy, which means the stock is Supplier driven. The demand for material is sent to the supplier and it is then delivered but it is resulting in overstocking and in some cases delays which is unacceptable. Hence a new strategy is required, which will be Pull based supply chain. In this strategy the order is placed by the organization in the required quantity, and supplier has to deliver that on time. This will be a mix of Push and Pull. The demand will be given by Gill Construction when the stock reached the 20% mark, and then supplier will be required to deliver the material as demanded. Develop appropriate measures to monitor progress Once the change implementation strategy is planned, the next step is to put appropriate measures in place which will monitor the performance. This can be achieved with the use of following: Goal-based evaluation the aim of this evaluation is to monitor the performance of change and see if the desired goals have been achieved, this involves: Formulating clear goals, what we wanted to achieve. The goal was to improve the operational quality and supply chain. The next step is to align the organizational goals with the change goals. Gill Construction aim is to provide quality service to the client and gaining customer satisfaction, that will be aligned with the goals for change, the change was required to improve supply chain, and also service quality by using new equipment. Next step is to recognize if we have achieved our goals. The effectiveness of supply chain can be checked by measuring waste levels. Also work force commitment can be seen by appraisals and the percentage of accidents at work place. Process-based evaluation it is another tool which measures the effectiveness on the basis of process performance. This checks if the process redesigning has improved the service quality. It will focus on the supply chain process and see if the process has shown its effectiveness. Are the stakeholders happy with the process. The new process for customers to be in direct contact with project manager and not with head office, is it really helping customers or not. Feedback can be taken at this point, which can assists the managers in monitoring the situation.

Kurt Vonneguts War Experiences and its Effects on the Barnhouse Effect :: essays papers

Kurt Vonneguts War Experiences and its Effects on the Barnhouse Effect Kurt Vonnegut's War Experiences how it contributes to my understanding of the "Barnhouse Effect" Kurt Vonnegut’s war experiences had a great impact on his life, which greatly contributes to the readers understanding of the "Barnhouse Effect." His war experiences are reflected quite vividly through his writing of the "Barnhouse Effect." This short story reflects "the human horrors during war, and the de-humanization of modern men and women, and the loss of humane values in a society dedicated to technological progress." (Modern Stories, p. 408) The Barnhouse Effect is a name that is created by the press. The press came up with this name from Professor Arthur Barnhouse’s character in the "Barnhouse Effect." They call the professor’s phenomenon the barnhouse effect. Professor Barnhouse, had come up with a different name for his phenomenon. He called it the "Dynamopsychian." "Dynamopsychian means force, and the power of the mind. In the story, the narrator explains, in more detail, how Professor Barnhouse relates his phenomenon to war. "As a weapon, then, Dynamopsychism has an impressive advantage over bacteria and atomic bombs, beyond the fact that it cost nothing to use: it enables the professor to single out critical individuals and objects instead of slaughtering whole populations in the process of maintaining international equilibrium." (p. 410). According to this quotation, Dynamopsychism is a very powerful weapon that only professor Barnhouse had. The professor had thoughts that would flash through his mind before they actually happened. His mind is a powerful weapon, which no one else possessed. In the story, Barnhouse says, "the same thought train had flashed through his mind just before he threw the dice." (p. 411). It was that thought train which aligned the professor’s brain cells into what had become the most powerful weapon on Earth. It began with a simple mental exercise during an army crap game, which soon escalates into a worldwide threat. At least, that’s what the FBI thinks when they raid the Professor’s office and put him under investigation. Professor Barnhouse is asked to use his new power as the ultimate national defense weapon. War hungry generals, Russian spies and the FBI get into the act as Professor Barnhouse shows what the real power of his mind actually is.

How Can 1984 Be Read and Interpreted Differently?

How can a text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? 1984  by George Orwell (1949) is a political novel written with the purpose of warning readers of the dangers of totalitarian government. The book can be read and interpreted very differently by two different readers, especially when they were born in a different time. In this essay the viewpoint of two Western readers, one from 1950 and the other from 2012 will be compared to look at the possible difference they could experience in interpreting the story.First of all, the fear of being watched and controlled is more recognizable for a reader in 1950. During World War II, the media was controlled by the Nazi’s. Radio’s for example, only transmitted positive news for Germany. In order to ensure nobody secretly listened to something else, houses were checked regularly. That was not only to see if people listened to an illegal radio-channel but also to see if they were hiding Jews. When they wer e founded guilty, they were send to a concentration camp immediately. In the book this is compared with Thought Crime and the Ministry of Love.P 21: theyll shoot me in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother they always should you in the back of the neck i dont care down with big brother This is a quote from Winstons’ diary. Even writing something in his own private diary, in his own house is a crime since he didn’t obey Big Brother, the Party’s leader. The fact that he scribbled it down so quickly and full of mistakes shows the fear being caught and watched. Second of all, the concern of totalitarian governments was more relevant immediately after World War II.The reader in 1950 could easily recognize the similarities between the totalitarian government of Hitler and the totalitarian government described in 1984. Before World War II Germany was in an economic downturn. Hitler was a magnificent speaker who offered a reason for this occurring; he b lamed the Jews. No one wants to hear that the problem with their country are their own so the German accepted this as an answer. In Oceana the same happened: P 13: â€Å"The hate had started. As usual, the face of Emmanuel Goldstein, the enemy of the people, had flashed onto the screen. The leaders of The Party use the same way to gain power as Hitler did, so readers from 1950 are likely to . For readers in 1950 this is all fresh and easily recognizable and therefore more relevant than for readers from 2012. Lastly, the fear of being spied on and eavesdropped by telescreens and secret microphones was more realistic to a reader from 1950. That is because around 1950 more and more people started to own a television and therefore it became a real possibility that everybody’s house would have a telescreen one day. Nowadays this fear has become a reality, only in a different way.The government is able to control and check a lot of things through cameras and social media and there is little privacy. But to a reader from 2012 this is not strange or frightening, it is absolutely normal. For this reason you could say the actual fear is not realistic because a reader from 2012 doesn’t have to fear it anymore. To conclude, the fear a reader could experience while reading the book in 1950 is more realistic, more relevant and easier recognizable than the fear possibly experienced by a reader in 2012. Therefore, 1984 can be read and interpreted differently by two different readers who were born in a different time.