Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Discuss the interplay between conflict

International trade is one of the most critical and complex process as it involves not only more than two parties to the contract but also different institutions including governments. It is because of this reason that it is often argued that the laws regulating the international trade should be such that they can easily facilitate the trade between different countries while keeping intact the different indigenous laws of the respective countries.In its essence, international trade is the exchange of goods, services and capital between the countries across the international borders. Due to its unique characteristic of involving cross border trade, it is also subject to different laws, regulations and rules. Uniform Commercial Law is the law which has been promulgated in order to harmonize the laws of sales between different countries. Such kind of uniform commercial laws include the UCP rules which govern the international trade and also the exchange of the financial services between the financial institutions.Since, one of the most important characteristics of the international trade is that it involves the interaction of financial institutions also besides between the seller and the buyer therefore the uniform commercial laws such as UCP govern the international trade. However, on the other hand, there are other international laws which area also governed the international trade by different countries according to their own requirements.The protectionist policies and laws and regulations adopted by the different governments of the organization create a deliberate conflict between the uniformed commercial law and the other international laws and regulations thus creating a conflicting situation for the different players working in the international environment. This essay will undertake to analyze and understand the interplay between conflict of laws/international law rules and uniform commercial law in the field of regulation of international trade.Internatio nal Law The international liberalization of the trade as well as growing globalization has given rise to the need of having laws flexible enough to accommodate the needs of the different players in international trade. (Chirwa,2005). Many researchers also attempted to remove these regulatory anomalies by offering a new approach to resolve the conflict of laws in international trade.One such approach outlines the concept of constitutional uncertainty in international trade and present different models of international transactions in the wakes of different legal frameworks present. (Schmidtchen, Kirstein, Neunzig, 2004). These approaches are mostly suggesting the economic solution to the problem of the conflict between the international law and the uniform laws and suggest a transactional mode of international trade and attempt to bring down the law to accommodate such models into them so that this conflict can be overtaken.The increased globalization as well as the role of large mul tinationals in circumventing the rules and regulations in their favor, in countries where they have larger chances of profitability, indicates the eroding powers of state to ensure the compliance with the international laws besides ensuring that the local laws support the international regulations so that the international trade can swiftly take place. When we discuss about the international law and the conflicts between the different regulations, it always come down to analyze and trace the patterns of those conflicts in different kinds of transactions taking place internationally.One such example is that of the credit sales where UCP rules may suggest different approaches to governing the financial aspects of the transaction however, the existing rules and regulations such as restrictions on the foreign exchange repatriation, forward booking of foreign currencies due to pressures on the domestic currency may effectively create a situation where the uniformed commercial laws and th e private laws can come into direct conflict. (Albert, Wade & Instituut,1983).Another great example can be that of the WTO and the other related laws. WTO specifically advocates the removal of the different trade restrictions such as quotas on the international trade taking place between member countries however there are other deliberate attempts by different countries to discriminate against other member countries by promulgating rules and regulations which restricts even the capability of WTO to remove the conflict of laws and regulations between the countries.It is also often argued that the international trade has more become now a political issue and despite the trade liberalization, politicizing of the international trade have created a deliberate attempt to raise a conflict between different international/private laws and the uniform commercial laws. (Joerges, 2007). Such politicization of the process has not only created a deliberate drift between the laws but it also creat ed a permanent source of conflict between the international institutions also.Conclusion It is also important to mention that the interplay of the different uniform as well as the international/ public laws, from a transactional perspective, can be removed because the laws and regulations will directed at creating a synergy between the different laws to assist the smooth operation of international trade. A deviation from the transactional mode of international trade therefore may create a direct conflict between the international and uniform commercial laws.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Cambridge University Press Essay

In literature, the notions of a sovereign and a tyrant were always mixed. Philosophical and theological works have not delineated any clear boundaries between a sovereign and a tyrant. However, several professors have attempted to determine, whether it was permissible to resist a tyrant, and how easily a sovereign could turn into a tyrant. In order to decide whether it is possible to resist a tyrant, we should determine who a tyrant is, and what resistance is meant by the question. Bodin (1992) refers to a tyrant as â€Å"someone who makes himself into a sovereign prince by his own authority – without election, or right of succession, or lot, or a just war, or a special calling from God. † Furthermore, tyrants are identified as those who are â€Å"cruel, oppressive or excessively wicked† (Bodin, 1992). Although ancient writers discussed the possibility of resisting to tyrant, they have not evaluated the risks for such resistance. Any opposition, whether real or imagined (planned) would be equaled to treason. Furthermore, a tyrant is also a sovereign who possesses absolute power and unlimited rights. Bodin (1992) suggests that the nation does not have the right to kill or physically eliminate the tyrant; but it can ignore the decisions that contradict to the laws of nature and God (Bodin, 1992). In this context, we should also remember that to be a sovereign does not necessarily means to be a tyrant; but being a tyrant always implies being a sovereign. It is a matter of ethical and powerful boundaries that each sovereign is able to cross. â€Å"The first prerogative of a sovereign prince is to give law to all in general and each in particular† (Bodin, 1992). This is also a prerogative of a tyrant, but a tyrant gives law without distinguishing between wickedness and virtue (Bodin, 1992). In general, Bodin (1992) concludes that â€Å"it is never permissible for a subject to attempt a thing against a sovereign price, no matter how wicked and cruel a tyrant he may be†. The problem is in that we still lack a proper definition of what a tyrant is. We risk abusing a sovereign for high taxes, but that does not mean that this sovereign is a tyrant! A tyrant may have the right to punish conspirators, but this may also be a natural need to protect one’s right to live (Bodin, 1992). That is why we cannot make tyrants’ elimination lawful. References Bodin, J. (1992). On Sovereignty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Analysis of the Origin of the Illuminati during the 18th Century in Germany

Analysis of the Origin of the Illuminati during the 18th Century in Germany Illuminati, the term or word would be, â€Å"Enlightened ones†. Illuminati are a rationalistic society all over the world led by their ruler Lucifer (Satan). The Illuminati was discovered in Germany in 1776 by Professor Adam Weishaupt, who was born on February 6, 1748. Professor Weishaupt got into the Illumination when he was initiated at the Masonic lodge in 1777. The words that have made him the founder of the Illuminati on May 1, 1776 were, â€Å"I did not bring deism into Barvaria more than into Rome. I found it here, in great vigour, more abounding than in any of the neighboring protestant states. I am very proud to be the world founder of the Illuminati† (â€Å"Adam Weishaupt† 6-7). Then on November 18, 1830 the world founder of the Illuminati, Professor Adam Weishaupt died. There are certain things in the world that is either bloodlines or contacted families of the Illuminati, and people don’t even realize that this is affecting the world. The Illuminati are affecting America very badly day by day by having bloodlines and families in the United States. But one family of the Illuminati is quite a surprising one. Disney is a part/family of the Illuminati. Now the reason why this is affecting America or even before this in the 1800’s and before, it has been affecting people because there was this wealthy family called the Rockefeller’s. But Disney is â€Å"one of the best deceptions of the Illuminati† (â€Å"Fritz Springmeiers† 1). Also Disney in the movies that they make for example, Lion King, the Little Mermaid, Aladdin. There are subliminal messages in all the movies; for example, in the movie, The Little Mermaid Disney has decided to put inappropriate messages to represent themselves as bloodline or contacted family of the Illuminati. Like when the Arial is getting married, the priest has a very disturbing erection if you play close attention. Then in The Lion King when Simba is on the ro ck at night staring in the sky full of stars. Now in that point if you connect the stars â€Å"Sex† is spelled in the air. I think this is horrible because they say Disney is the â€Å"happiest place on earth† but when it’s really the one of the most demonic places on earth and most perverted. So when the Illuminati were formed as a team they knew they needed something to represent them to show the world secretly that they’re out there. My research shows that this family is famous for architecture and arts. This contacted family with the Illuminati is called the Merovingians. Now these people were the founders of the first â€Å"Germanic Frankish dynasty† (â€Å"Merovingian art and architecture† 1). And basically what the Merovingians did was just fine works of art all around Europe. Also they did work on churches as well as towers. The art work were is mostly found at, Auxerre, Jouarre, Lyons, and Poitiers. Also another fancy thing they did was sculptures of animals like lambs and birds. But what it all comes down to is the Illuminati. How? Because all the sculptures were in rows and within geometric patterns, were tirelessly repeated on sarcophagi. Also these are the manuscripts that are illumination on the animals in the sculptures. The thing that makes the Merovinignas a part of the Illuminati is, they were one of 8 bloodlines of the illuminati bloodlines. Also they were called the â€Å"Holy Grail†. The Merovingians were a very high degree Freemasons, so that is there contact with the Illuminati. The Illuminati is a very dangerous group in the world. As we speak, they all believe that Lucifer is their one and only savior. And so then Lucifer’s satanic goal is to â€Å"destroy all governments and religions and just basically bring the world under his power in control† (â€Å"Joe Lanier† 8) affecting the world the music industry has to do a lot with this because today, children are listening to this satanic music and the artists of the music do not even care because the only reason they are in this satanic group is for the money, the fame, the spotlight, the shine. But what Lucifer calls this takeover is the, â€Å"New World Order†. But the only reason for this massive takeover to just be controlled by his power and his power only. So basically the antichrist just wants to be the ultimate leader. Then back into the satanic symbols on the back of the one dollar bill, there is a triangle on the left said and it has a satanic eye on the very top-BUT al so around the satanic pyramid there is lettering around them saying, â€Å"Annuit Ceoptus Novus Ordo Seclorum† which by going to back to the word of, â€Å"New World Order well is the exact term. Some of the founders of the Illuminati were, of course, Adam Wieshaupt, Baron von Knigge, Prince Karl of Hesse, Count Mirabaeau, Duke of Orleans, and Georges Danton. Now all these men had something to do with the Illuminati, what they all had in common was that they were in on a plan to, â€Å"Purest the form of Christianity† ( â€Å"Mcllhany† 7) . And the reason for that is to have everybody min world all the mankind to be all in one family. As explained above, there, are some very influential families that are trying to take over the world, and put it under Lucifer’s command. So, what if the Illuminati do succeed? What will happen if they fail? The Illuminati will not succeed because Lucifer first of all, he has to go through god and god is very powerful and Lucifer thinks that he will defeat him but of course we all believe that the world will end-but not in Lucifer’s command. Also the Illuminati probably will have its chance to takeover but they wont do it there way. Heres another problem what if they take over the world because of their music industry because right now the music that is being played is based on the Illuminati, not all of it but just some of it. Were just going to have to see what happens.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Research methods in Architecture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research methods in Architecture - Essay Example Architects and design innovation, as recognized by the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) leans towards the inclusion of innovation and efficiency towards energy reduction constructions, which are directly related to the carbon footprint (Dye 2014, p. 2). Researchers have individual preferences in conducting research, as there is no mandatory approach that is predetermined by field authorities or agencies, towards a certain subject or topic (Reason & Bradbury 2006, p. 48). In this critique, the objective is to make a comprehensive analysis and discussion of the methodologies used by Omar Nagati and Celia Lury in the Theory Forum in Border Topology, covering Blurring boundaries, reconstituting borders and Double-Blind, Double Bind: The plane that disappeared respectively. The presentation by Nagati captures the transformation through which Cairo underwent, in a time when the authority seemed void. The presentation covers the idea of boundaries in the context of social and economic profiles, encapsulating the separation and marginalization of Egypt. The reconstruction of boundaries and the people retaking the city is captured in the presentation, with before and after images presented as evidence to portray the progress that has been made by the society. The common concept in the reconstruction of borders is the public space, which attracts the question of belonging and ownership. The temporary absence of the government provided the citizens with an opportunity to engage in a revolt by which reconstitution of infrastructure occurred. The approach used in the development of the presentation involved a lot of data gathering where the images of the subject through different phases were captured (McNiff & Whitehead 2006, p. 88). The research appears to have documented the change through which the society experienced, concentrating on the public spaces and the changes called for by the society, in an effort of reducing

Classic Hollywood Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Classic Hollywood Cinema - Essay Example This essay explores the interaction between the message and medium in a scene from Casablanca. The scene that will be analyzed is the scene when Annina Brandel (Joy Page), a refugee who is desperately looking for exit visas for her and her husband Jan Viereck (Helmut Dantine), converses with Rick and asks for guidance regarding her dealing with Renault. This scene demonstrates the themes of nationalism and sentimentalism; it uses the cinematic elements to complicate the portrayal of the themes, by showing how Rick fights his inner emotions, values, and goals, and these elements also reinforce the themes through expressing them through symbolisms and motifs, as well as the actions and words of the characters. Rick embodies his contradictions as an empty and â€Å"filled† man, which manifests more in the form of sentimentalism. He seems to not care for the idea of true love. French bargirl Yvonne (Madeleine LeBeau), in the beginning of the film, pleads for Ricks attention. She drinks heavily, showing her confusion with her feelings and Ricks feelings for her. She asks Rick for a date that night, but all he says is: â€Å"I never make plans that far ahead.† During this time, through a middle shot, Ricks back is on the audience as he busily writes on something on the bars desk. It shows his indifference to Yvonne. As he pulls Yvonne out, shadows fall on Rick. These shadows symbolize the darkness inside his heart. He seems to have no feelings for anyone. He does not believe in â€Å"love† or â€Å"passion,† which can be inferred as he brusquely shoves Yvonne out of his bar. This woman evidently likes him, but he does not care for her. His actions demonstrate how h e also brushes aside love and passion away from his life. He has an emptiness inside him and the scene sends the first impression of Rick as a lonely introvert. Nonetheless, when he speaks with Annina, the scene reveals the complication between the

Saturday, July 27, 2019

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 11

International Business - Essay Example For example, the author states, â€Å"Lina Pedraza Rodrà ­guez, Minister of Finance and Prices of Cuba, said that the country urgently needs to modernize its economy so as to protect the achievements of the Cuban Revolution. For that it requires foreign investment, including from the United States† (Knight, 2015). This quote captures the minister’s comments on Cuba and its needs for foreign direct investment. This was a remark meant to woo countries such as the U.S to come and invest in Cuba. The countries about which the article was written include Cuba, the United States of America and Mexico. The article directly focuses on Cuba as a country that is advertising itself for foreign direct investment. USA and Mexico are referred to in the article as two countries that can possibly invest in Cuba. To make this possible, Cuba’s officials laid bare the environment and regulatory frameworks put in place in the country to ensure that foreign investment in the country would be a smooth process and a mutually beneficial endeavor for both parties. The information contained in the article might influence my decision to invest in the country in the sense that knowing the business environment, the regulatory and legal frameworks in Cuba will help me make appropriate decisions on whether it is a safe and beneficial place to invest in. For instance, Lina Pedraza Rodrà ­guez states, â€Å"Cuba is open to investment from the United States. It has never been closed† (Knight, 2015). She also added that the Cuban government had stabilized the microeconomic indicators to ensure that private and foreign companies operate with secure property rights. Deborah Rivas, the General Director of Foreign Investment in the Ministry of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment also stated that appropriate laws are established to protect foreign investment. These facts positively influence me to invest in the country

Friday, July 26, 2019

AN INQUIRY INTO THE EFFICIENCY OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AS A MARKETING Dissertation

AN INQUIRY INTO THE EFFICIENCY OF CELEBRITY ENDORSEMENT AS A MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY IN MORDERN SOCIETY - Dissertation Example Furthermore, factors such as the gender and age of the focus group were also taken into consideration as it greatly affects the findings of the study. On the basis of this study, it was observed that findings regarding the effect of celebrity endorsements as a marketing communications strategy could be divided into three key areas, namely – the perception of consumers with regard to a particular celebrity and his /her association with a brand / product or service; key factors which must be taken into consideration while choosing a celebrity for endorsing a particular brand or product; and finally develop a strategic model for Data Analysis: In order to measure the attitudes and perception of consumers towards a product celebrity endorsements various variables will be studied such as - their views on the advertisement; perception of the brand based on that advertisement; and the influence on their purchase decision. The differences in their perceptions with regard to the celebr ity endorsements will be measured on the basis of their attitudes towards single celebrity ads (i.e. a product endorsed by one celebrity) and multiple celebrity ads (i.e. same product endorsed by multiple celebrities). The data will be then analyzed on the basis of percentage of respondents in accordance with these variables such as gender, age, educational background etc. On the basis of the literature review, and the observations likely to be made on the basis of the personal interviews, it could be stated that the success or failure of any celebrity endorsement is a result of several attributes, which will be presented in the questionnaire. This includes - match between the product and the celebrity endorsing it; the choice of celebrity and the target audience; the popularity of the celebrity; the credibility or image of that celebrity in the industry; the values they endorse; their physical appearances; their appeal i.e. locally as well as globally; the likelihood of the risk of them (celebrities) getting involved in a conflict or a controversy; and the number of brands endorsed by the said celebrity. These attributes play a key role in influencing the consumer’s purchase decision and hence must be taken into consideration by the marketers / organizations prior to associating themselves with a celebrity. This information will be presented in the form of graphs, for better clarification the same is depicted in the figure below: Figure 1: Factors taken into consideration while selecting a celebrity for endorsing a given brand / product: The rating will be shown on the x axis while the attributes will be shown on the Y axis. The numbers 1 to 9 indicate the attributes mentioned above, which are taken into consideration by marketers while endorsing a product. The findings in this chart will be based on the observations made as well as on the findings observed in literature review section. In recent times, the global business has become highly complicated and hence the choice of a right celebrity for the product is extremely crucial for the organizations. Their decision strategy may

Thursday, July 25, 2019

The Munich Agreement Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8500 words

The Munich Agreement - Dissertation Example Chamberlain’s role was central to the appeasement process as a committed person in response to the public opinion. But this was not without criticism. Left wing-writers under a pseudonym Cato published guilty men in 1940, which accused Chamberlain of taking undue advantage of public opinion and giving unrealistic hopes of peace with Germany.   They sought to point out that Chamberlain underestimated the British capacity and overestimated the German’s capacity of war. They have painted Chamberlain as a great deceiver . Because of the outbreak of the Second World War in spite of the cession of the Sudetenland, Chamberlain stood exposed to criticism for having slowed down the rearmament program after the First World War. Historical research on this episode has these writers as the first phase. In what can be called the second phase of historical research, Taylor in his 1961 publication †The Origin of Second World War†, remarked that the role of appeasement in the outbreak of Second World War was;   â€Å"The cause of war was therefore as much the blunders of others as the wickedness of dictators themselves.†Ã‚   In 1963, The Appeasers, Martin Gilbert and Richard Gott maintained that Chamberlain deceived the public by showing the bogey of another war which the British could not afford. However, since the 1960s, revisionist historians argued for the compelling reasons for appeasement as that was the only viable policy for the British in the 1930s. The Nation had a weak economy drained of resources after the needs in the war just ended. Historians such as Patrick Finney agreed that appeasement was the inevitable result of British decline. They also argued that public opinion prior to 1937 could not be easily dismissed. Maurice Calling in his 1975 publication, The Impact of Hitler: British Politics and British Policy 1933-40, maintained that the appeasement policy was compelled by domestic considerations. Chamberlain, motivated by the state of the country’s economy and political stand of his Conservative party, took the appeasement decision that was expected to become popular with the British public. Chamberlain changed his stand in response to the public opinion after Germany occupied Prague in 1939. R.A.C Parker, in his Chamberlain and Appeasement (1993), argued that Chamberlain deliberately used the reasons of weak economy and weak military, to shape the public opinion, as he was deeply committed to appeasement for the sake appeasement and not due to weakness.5 From looking at the historiography relating to the Munich agreement it is clear to see that there is an ongoing debate relating to the issue. Throughout this piece I intend to

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Social Organization Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Social Organization Analysis - Essay Example Another fallacy presented is fallacy of appeal to pity. The video tries to encourage people to donate by making them feel sorry for the victims of animal cruelty. The viewers are led to believe that giving financial support to the organization will help promote the plight of the poor animals. The organization may be guilty of using content fallacies. Although it gave information on the number of animals being abused every single hour and the number of animals which were rescued last year, one does not have any way of confirming the said data because the source of the figures were not given. The arguments presented may make us suspicious because the figures could very well be invented just to get a lot of contributions. The fallacies have a strong impact on the aim of the organization to encourage people to make a donation. I think that the fallacies used are very effective into moving the viewers to action by calling right after watching the video. There was even a statement which wa s shown, â€Å"For hundreds of others, help came too late.† The statement used would make viewers react at once; else it would be too late for the â€Å"hundreds† of animals. The impact of this is that there seems to be a sense of urgency in the issue being presented.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Knowledge Management - Essay Example There are no doubts in the fact that the business environment of this globalised world has been changed radically due to the revolution that the world has witnessed in information technology. The marketplace has become increasingly competitive, competition is becoming cutthroat, suppliers have become intelligent, customers have become more demanding, and substitutes are increasing in number. General Electric is the only corporation which has been able to survive amongst the top 10 companies that appeared on the Dow Jones Index in 1900. Furthermore, only four out of the Fortune 500 companies of 1900 were able to make it to the 21st century (Davenport & Prusak, 2000, pp. 20-21). It appears that the marketplace is now operating on the principle that used to govern the earliest human societies, â€Å"survival of the fittest†. Alice Carol once wrote something which perfectly depicts the business environment of today. â€Å"Now here, you see, it takes all the running you can do to keep you in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that† (Rao, 2005, p. 36). In order to ensure that organisations are â€Å"running twice as fast†, they have come up with a variety of procedures and techniques to improve their profitability, productivity and exploit all possible opportunities. Knowledge management is amongst one of them. The raw material, which was made available to them, included steel drums, logs, pontoons, and some rope. However, the real catch was that these managers, from different countries, were not allowed to communicate with uttering a single word from their mouth (Voelpel & Han, 2005, pp. 55-56). Therefore, the communication was talking place with the help of diagrams and sentences on the flip charts.

Networks classification Essay Example for Free

Networks classification Essay In the world of computers, networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software. Networking software applications are available to manage and monitor networks of all sizes, from the smallest home networks to the largest enterprise networks. Networks classification 1. Local Area Networks (LANs): These connect over a relatively small geographical are, typically connecting computers within a single office or building. In most cases they connect to a common electronic connection- commonly known as a network backbone. LANs can connect to other networks either directly or through a WAN or MAN. Most LANs connect workstations and personal computers. 2. Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs): These connect networks around a town or city. Short for Metropolitan Area Network, a data network designed for a town or city. In terms of geographic breadth, MANs are larger than local-area networks (LANs), but smaller than wide-area networks (WANs). An example of a Man is the Eastman (Edinburgh and Stirling MAN) network that connects universities and colleges. 3. Wide Area Networks (WANs) : These connect networks over a large geographical area, such as between different buildings, towns or even countries. 4. A campus area network (CAN) is a computer network made up of an interconnection of LANs within a limited geographical area. In the case of a university campus-based campus network, the network is likely to link a variety of campus buildings including, for example, academic colleges or departments, the university library, and student residence halls. 5. A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for communication among computer and different information technological devices close to one person. Some examples of devices that are used in a PAN are personal computers, printers, fax machines, telephones, PDAs, scanners, and even video game consoles. A PAN may include wired and wireless devices. The reach of a PAN typically extends to 10 meters Topology Network topology is the arrangement of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. Essentially, it is the topological structure of a network, and may be depicted physically or logically. There are two basic categories of network topologies: 1. Physical topology refers to the placement of the networks various components, including device location and cable installation, 2. logical topology shows how data flows within a network, regardless of its physical design. The study of network topology recognizes eight basic topologies: †¢ Point-to-point = the simplest topology is a permanent link between two endpoints. †¢ Bus = A linear bus topology consists of a main run of cable with a terminator at each end (See fig. 1). All nodes (file server, workstations, and peripherals) are connected to the linear cable. Advantages of a Linear Bus Topology †¢ Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus. †¢ Requires less cable length than a star topology. Disadvantages of a Linear Bus Topology †¢ Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable. †¢ Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable. †¢ Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down. †¢ Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a large building. †¢ Star = A star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstations, and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub, switch, or concentrator (See fig. 2). Data on a star network passes through the hub, switch, or concentrator before continuing to its destination. The hub, switch, or concentrator manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common with twisted pair cable; however, it can also be used with coaxial cable or fiber optic cable. Advantages of a Star Topology †¢ Easy to install and wire. †¢ No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices. †¢ Easy to detect faults and to remove parts. Disadvantages of a Star Topology †¢ Requires more cable length than a linear topology. †¢ If the hub, switch, or concentrator fails, nodes attached are disabled. †¢ More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the hubs, etc. †¢ Ring = A network topology that is set up in a circular fashion in which data travels around the ring in one direction and each device on the right acts as a repeater to keep the signal strong as it travels. Each device incorporates a receiver for the incoming signal and a transmitter to send the data on to the next device in the ring. The network is dependent on the ability of the signal to travel around the ring. When a device sends data, it must travel through each device on the ring until it reaches its destination. Every node is a critical link. †¢ Mesh = The value of fully meshed networks is proportional to the exponent of the number of subscribers, assuming that communicating groups of any two endpoints, up to and including all the endpoints Advantages of Mesh topology 1) Data can be transmitted from different devices simultaneously. This topology can withstand high traffic. 2) Even if one of the components fails there is always an alternative present. So data transfer doesn’t get affected. 3) Expansion and modification in topology can be done without disrupting other nodes. Disadvantages of Mesh topology 1) There are high chances of redundancy in many of the network connections. 2) Overall cost of this network is way too high as compared to other network topologies. 3) Set-up and maintenance of this topology is very difficult. Even administration of the network is tough. †¢ Tree = A tree topology combines characteristics of linear bus and star topologies. It consists of groups of star-configured workstations connected to a linear bus backbone cable (See fig. 3). Tree topologies allow for the expansion of an existing network, and enable schools to configure a network to meet their needs. Advantages of a Tree Topology †¢ Point-to-point wiring for individual segments. †¢ Supported by several hardware and software venders. Disadvantages of a Tree Topology †¢ Overall length of each segment is limited by the type of cabling used. †¢ If the backbone line breaks, the entire segment goes down. †¢ More difficult to configure and wire than other topologies. †¢ Hybrid = Hybrid networks use a combination of any two or more topologies in such a way that the resulting network does not exhibit one of the standard topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.). For example a tree network connected to a tree network is still a tree network topology. A hybrid topology is always produced when two different basic network topologies are connected. Two common examples for Hybrid network are: star, ring network and star bus network †¢ Daisy chain = Except for star-based networks, the easiest way to add more computers into a network is by daisy-chaining, or connecting each computer in series to the next. If a message is intended for a computer partway down the line, each system bounces it along in sequence until it reaches the destinati on. A daisy-chained network can take two basic forms: linear and ring. o The straight-through cables are used when connecting Data Terminating Equipment (DTE) to Data Communications Equipment (DCE), such as computers and routers to modems (gateways) or hubs (Ethernet Switches). The cross-over cables are used when connecting DTE to DTE, or DCE to DCE equipment; such as computer to computer, computer to router; or gateway to hub connections. The DTE equipment terminates the signal, while DCE equipment do not. †¢ RJ stands for Registered Jacks. These are used in telephone and data jack wiring registered with FCC. RJ-11 is a 6-position, 4-conductor jack used in telephone wiring, and RJ-45 is a 8-position, 8-conductor jack used in 10BaseT and 100BaseT Ethernet wiring. †¢ UTP stands for Unshielded Twisted Pair. It is the cabling system with one or more pairs of twisted insulated copper wires contained in a single sheath. It is the most widely used cabling system in telecommunications and data communications environment today.

Monday, July 22, 2019

The Elusiveness of Good Work in The Insider Essay Example for Free

The Elusiveness of Good Work in The Insider Essay In â€Å"Good Work, Well Done,† Howard Gardner (1999) argues that â€Å"the goal of carrying out good work is harder to reach when conditions are unstable and market forces are allowed to run unchecked. † This, according to him, was the dilemma â€Å"faced by workers in every domain† as existing authority systems in most working environments are designed to penalize whistle blowers rather than to correct unethical business practices. Gardner’s argument is exemplified in Michael Mann’s (1999) film, The Insider. Based on the true story of tobacco industry whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand, Mann’s film is a brilliant movie depicting the intrinsic motivations, values, and expectations that oblige otherwise ambitious, loyal employees into sacrificing profitable careers, and even themselves, for the sake of the majority. The film owes majority of its success to Mann’s directorial genius, exemplary performances by Russell Crowe, Al Pacino, Christopher Plummer, and Dianne Venora; and in part to the compelling story of an altruistic employee who decides to give up his lucrative career for a nobler cause. The Insider is interesting in its genuine depiction of many corporate workers’ experiences, the working environment, and the conflict that ensues due to incongruence between the individual’s personal values and company expectations for loyalty in its organization. By following the narrative of a tobacco company executive who exposes the unethical business practices of the corporation he works for, the film raises the issues of professional ethics as they relate and interact with business ethics in a corporate setting where the concerns of a healthy bottomline override other matters of concern (Gardner, 2002). More importantly, the film captures the complex nature of whistle blowing as â€Å"an extreme that defies the reasonable expectation of the most prominent versions of ethics† (Grant, 2002, p. 396) and the impact of this action on the personal life of the whistle blower. Thus, the film’s title takes an ironic twist as whistle blowing demands that a worker, or an insider, subvert the norms and expectations of the culture he is in and in the process rendering him an outsider. This aspect of whistle blowing is particularly depicted in the dilemma confronting the film’s main protagonist, Jeffrey Wigand (Russell Crowe), a scientist working as an executive in the research department of Brown and Williamson, one of the tobacco industry’s biggest companies. Wigand is terminated by the corporation because of his refusal to cooperate with the company’s questionable practice involving the use of nicotine to make cigarettes more addictive that in the scientist’s view was causing major damage to public health. Clearly, Wigand’s case confirms Joseph McCafferty’s (2002) observation that â€Å"more often, those who try to bring to light unethical or illegal practices by their employers are criticized, treated like outcasts, fired, or worse. † For instance, he experiences being harassed and receiving death threats shortly after being fired from the company, ostensibly made to ensure that he keeps his silence and honors his confidentiality agreement. It is not surprising that insiders like Wigand often experience extreme pressure and personal conflict even after they have severed ties with the company they work for. Threats of retaliation through physical or financial harm and legal action often force employees who leave their jobs due to the mismatch between their ethical principles and work expectations vis-a-vis the priorities of the company they work for. The existence of legal and social mechanisms that punish the act of whistle-blowing, and the ineffectiveness of existing legal systems to support those who come forward to tell external stakeholders about illegal or unethical business practices contribute to the difficulties faced by whistle blowers. McCafferty, 2002) Ultimately, these impediments condition the majority of workers into a state of compliance despite their knowledge of wrongdoings in their workplace. Accordingly, Grant (2002) argues that individuals like Wigand display a sense of ethics that surpass conventional ethical behavior and â€Å"exceed the minimal level that is required to sustain civil life. † (p. 96) Given the lack of incentives and the threats posed by this action on their personal life and career opportunities, whistle blowers are clearly driven by a strong belief in moral and ethical ideals contrary to the conventional notion of whistle blowers as vindictive or errant employees. Wigand’s character affirms Grant’s (2002) contention; Instead of being deterred by the harassment and the gloomy prospects awaiting him in his career, he becomes more determined decision to spill Brown and Williamson’s dirty secret in a 60 minutes interview with CBS reporter Lowell Bergman (Al Pacino). Wigand;s character therefore fits Grant’s description of whistle blowers as â€Å"saints in a secular culture. † Throughout the film, Wigand’s sense of justice shines through despite his emotional battles and inner turmoils as he encounters numerous hardships such as being separated from his family and from company efforts to discredit his name. It is therefore only fitting that Wigand is vindicated when Bergman is able to counter the negative publicity and he finds a more fulfilling career that allows him to finally do â€Å"good work† by teaching. Thus, The Insider is an illuminating look at how existing political and economic structures inhibit individuals from doing â€Å"good work† as defined by Gardner (2002). It is also an incisive commentary on how society, in general, conditions employees to normalize unfair business practices by valuing material incentives more than those based on social or moral ones. Consequently, whistle blowers, and others intent on doing â€Å"good work,† are often forced to carry their battles and ethical struggles alone, left vulnerable to the machinery of Big Business, and treated with contempt by their collegues and families.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

LOreal Global Marketing Strategy

LOreal Global Marketing Strategy LOreal is a great example of how global branding strategy can be used to generate new growth opportunities when all other companies were not going great guns. In the late 90s and early 2000s when the Asian and Latin American economies were shaky and doing poorly, and numerous international brands struggled, LOreal surged ahead. How did it happen? The answer lies in their beautifully framed mission statement as it elaborates their understanding of the marketability of their product and the need of marketing it globally: at LORÉAL; we believe that everyone aspires to beauty. Our mission is to help men and women around the world realize that aspiration, and express their individual personalities to the full. This is what gives meaning and value to our business, and to the working lives of our employees. We are proud of our work. (Source: LOreal website, www. loreal.com) 1 In 2005, the $18.89 billion LOreal group was the most successful cosmetics brand. According to the business week survey 2004 LOreal was ranked 49th. LOreal marketed beauty products e.g. Makeup, perfume, and skincare and hair products to both women and men in approximately 150 countries. The LOreal group reported its 19th consecutive year of double digit growth in December 2005. Since 1989, LOreals sales had grown at a compounded annual rate of 12% to 1.7 billion. Analyzing the kind of growth story it has written an analyst has rightly described it as the United Nations of beauty .the kind of global presence LOreal has it can only be compared to the United Nations. LOreals global branding strategy thats doing wonders has been actively spearheaded by Owen Jones himself. Lindsey Owen Jones has been the CEO of LOreal for nearly two decades and a chairman now, and under his leadership LOreal has really fine tuned its global branding strategy. Interestingly some press reports tell us that he has been seen roaming around streets in foreign markets to understand the new and existing trends. And without any doubts his interesting work style seems to work wonders. The branding strategy of LOreal has such an impact that LOreal seems to be the only global leader in every segment of the cosmetics industry, right positioning of its products seems to be the key .whatever its trying to sell the French elegance or street smartness of America; is getting good response throughout the world .and LOreal has been able to reach its consumers across the national and cultural boundaries. Owen Jones says: We have this great strategy back in the head office of how we are going to do it worldwide. But when you go out and look at what is happening, is there a big gap between your projections and the reality of what you see and hear? It is so important to have a world vision because otherwise decentralized consumer goods companies with many brands can fracture into as many little parts if somebody isnt pulling it back the other way the whole time with a central vision. This really explains why he prefers roaming in the streets for his strategy making rather than sitting in the boardroom. Having said all that its quiet evident that the global branding strategy of LOreal has paid huge dividends to the company overall. In order to understand this splendid growth story we need to see how exactly LOreal applied their strategy to the countries that were entirely distinct as far as the lifestyle, spending pattern and culture is concerned. LOreal was started in France, has a good brand value in the united states of America, is reaping good dividends from India and has a remarkable presence in Japan. These are different complex societies with different needs, so how exactly LOreal managed to be equally successful in all these places? This question needs some fact finding to be done on the basis of country specific products and strategies adopted by the cosmetics conglomerate. Thats what exactly we will try doing in the next section of this case study. In India 4 billion 7.5 ml sachets are sold every year and thats a staggering 66% of total shampoo consumption in India. Most of the urban Indian women (96%) use shampoo, however only 46% use foundation. For hair care a huge 74% population of Indian women still rely on home remedies, 42% use henna and 94% use hair oil, as far as the LOreals sale per person in India is concerned is just 10 cents compared to 28 Euros per person in France. In India skin lightening creams (fairness creams) constitute more than 50% of skincare market people seem to be crazy for getting for getting fairer. (Source: LOreal, Nielsen) These facts are self explanatory about the nature of Indian market and its clearly stating that the strategy used in USA or any other European countries is not going to work in India. USA is a mature market as far as cosmetics consumption is concerned India is an emerging economy with most of the population below 35 years of age and a huge aspiring middle class. The cosmetics market is growing approximately at an annual rate of 16% in India, still a long way to go. The youth in urban centers is very concerned about the image but the larger section is still off the fashion map. Interestingly even after the success story of corporate India , apparently its still a country that is very much community oriented. The great Indian middle class is aspiring but still has the community driven cultural values intact. LOreal has taken this fact very much into consideration while preparing the marketing strategy for India. A very good example would be the launch of garnier fructis shampoo in India. The concept was to rely on idea rather than relying on advertising a brand. The idea of getting five times stronger hair was the central point that created the hype, through word of mouth or network marketing. Initially it was positioned as product for young and teenagers, once the product was established in the market it tried to change or rather increase the target base by shifting gears. In a recent advertisement of garnier hair color a daughter is shown advising her mother to try the garnier product and explaining the benefits. Again it relies on the concept of idea getting spread by word of mouth to another customer segment. This is the best example of marketing in a closed community driven society. There is one more remarkable thing about this entire campaign the catch line take care. It shifts the focus from the product to the core value of Indian society caring about others and the entire advertisement becomes more of a good advice rather than publicity. China is the worlds most populated country in the world and that makes it very clear that it has the potential of being the biggest consumer market. These days Chinese women are spending on an average 10 to 15% of their income on cosmetics products, an urban Chinese lady would use 2.2 cosmetics products on an average every morning. Evidently most of them want to be fashionable and the LOreal punch line if you want to be fashionable, just choose Maybelline, really seems to work. Masses are made to believe that this is something that represents America and it ought to be trendy. Maybelline is the product line for the masses and LOreal really uses the tendency of masses to look towards the USA thats why the Maybelline products are displayed against the backdrop of shiny skyline of New York City Chinese women prefer skincare and beauty products. According to a research by LOreal in china women are concerned about the radiance of their skin and prefer skin nourishing lotions that protect their skin from skin-drying winters. Unlike us customers most Chinese women like skin whiteners rather than tanning products. Its a sign of beauty for Chinese women. Also, the texture of Chinese hair is thicker and more course than typical US Caucasian hair. This requires different product, and really a different skill set to effectively sell and get these products moving in China. LOreal has dedicated research facilities for these and other issues, and followed up with more innovations to suit the needs and preferences of Chinese consumers.   There is one more very interesting fact about Chinese cosmetics industry; Chinese women are very concerned about the ingesting of lipsticks. This is the most interesting food attitude about Chinese women. Now following its global strategy LOreal even took this into consideration and developed lipsticks containing vitamins; as soon as this was told to the women they were more comfortable in using the product. European countries are mostly developed, here LOreal has the liberty of publicizing the brand value rather than focusing on pricing, the benefit to LOreal in these markets is that it is already well established and the brand is well known so it can concentrate on grabbing the attention of individualistic feminist women. Pricing is not a concern in these markets so LOreal can afford to have punch lines like-I am worth it because these punch lines justify the high pricing of the products and fulfill the feeling of exclusivity of high end clientele. Now lets take another example from the European and us markets, LOreal brands in these markets are quiet well established. LOreal products have been used there for few generations now; once young consumer of the LOreal brand has started aging and the same street smart products could not be positioned to them, they have started becoming the mature citizens; now their priorities have changed. A recent market report suggests that the new target segment in the cosmetics industry is 40 plus women who once used the teenage cosmetics products. The thrust is on anti aging products because it not only adds the new customer base but retains the once teenage customer also. Customer from the baby boom generation reaches the retirement age and tries to maintain healthy and youthful look and finds out that their favorite cosmetics brand is still making products for them. LOreal capitalized on their desire to look youthful and started marketing it anti aging products, it has signed sixty year-old D iane Keaton to represent the Age Perfect Pro-Calcium skin care line. Also LOreal has signed Scarlett Johansson, Penelope Cruz, Eva Longoria and Beyoncà © Knowles to promote specific cosmetics lines according to the age groups. Now this tells us how LOreal used the desire of customers to position its products. The French conglomerate believes that only two different cultures as far as fashion is concerned, are dominant, represented by two flagship brands LOreal Paris and Maybelline new York. LOreal has been projected as a French origin with elegance, high end presentation and obviously high pricing. Whereas the Maybelline product line represents the street smart American babe who is looking for the value of the money. America seems to be the growth engine of the world, in the cosmetics industry as well. LOreal has understood this and they made a strategy based on the trends in the USA and thats how Maybelline came into existence. Maybelline currently is the second largest brand in share of unit sales of cosmetics products and number one in makeup brands. It claims to be totally consistent with todays confident woman. Maybelline products targets three customer segments; youngster (16 to 25), office lady (26-35) and career women (35 plus). Marketing mix for Maybelline line of products consists of two main strategies: foreign consumer cultural positioning and symbolic New York City imagery that women can relate to everywhere. Maybelline promotion include different way of grabbing attention including promotional coupons, online advertising, sponsorship of fashion shows, signing fashion icons as spokesperson of the product ,free make up consultancy and providing scholarships etc. we can see as American cosmetic market is a mature market so LOreal tries to rely on mature marketing tactics. In the early 20th century, even American society was not very much open to makeup and skin care products .people thought that only sinful women should wear makeup but eventually with the economic independence that the American women gained; makeup and cosmetics started coming into mainstream. Cosmetics apparently became the symbol of new self belief that the American women was beaming with; and remember even Maybelline claims to be totally consistent with todays women, there are several other punch lines like maybe shes born with it, maybe its Maybelline, all the punch lines keep the self confidence of women in centre as if its not the make up but its the attitude that has to be worn. Thats why women of every nationality and culture started identifying herself with the product and this became the symbol of the 21st century woman. We always say that the world has turned into a small village. Production houses are becoming more and more global. But same cant be said about the consumers as they would still be using the products because of their own reasons. Someone in the USA can use a product just to feel exclusive however the same product could be used in the UK for health reasons. So the companies need to identify the demands of a specific market to effectively satisfy the demand while planning the globalised marketing strategy. Therefore the challenge posed to the companies is whether they should just keep changing their strategy according to the culture or can they consider every customer as a global customer with all common needs. Thats the irony we are supposed to work with these days; on one hand companies are on a global platform more than any other point of time in history however they have to adapt to the mindset and lifestyle of the customer as well. The mindset and the lifestyle of the customer are heavily impacted by the culture. Culture is defined by different norms, values, interactions, language and others personal components shared by groups of people across the world. It is a social phenomenon which defines peoples interests, thoughts and other behaviors they may exhibit in the social life. From one country to another, humans have evolved and developed different types of expressions, beliefs and behavior which can be difficult to understand for someone who does not belong to the same culture. culture is the way how the members of a particular group interact with each other on the sharing of the available means, now that determines what is going to be the need for a particular product in that society, that also decides whether a particular advertising strategy will work or not and how exactly that will be interpreted by the target customers. In different markets consumer requirements and consumer behavior may vary. Cultural aspects deeply impact the consumer behavior; the impact may be direct or indirect. The culture distinction creates the consumer behavior difference, as it can be noticed between the Asian and European continent where the culture and the behaviors are very different. Being a global organization LOreal certainly needs to understand the cultural differences and position its products accordingly otherwise the results may be far more different than they are at this moment. The thrust has to be on hitting the right customer with the right product. This can be possible only if one has a deep knowledge of local culture and beliefs. A very interesting example would be of lipstick use in china; according to a research only 3% women use lipstick for makeup. The reason that was supposed to be behind this low percentage of lipstick use is even weirder; women in china have concerns about ingesting lipstick. LOreal conducted a survey to see whether this is just an age old saying or it holds some truth, based on the findings it came up with a lipstick that had vitamins in it and in turn the demand for LOreal vitamin lipsticks increased. Another example could be real handy; in India long hair is considered necessary for a woman to be considered beautiful. LOreal considered this fact while launching its shampoo product in India and it focused on publicizing the fact that using the garnier fructis shampoo helps in getting long and strong hair. This strategy made the product very popular in India. In china or India people like to have fair complexion. In Asia, women take special care of their skin. People want radiant skins and lotions that can nourish their skin against sun .whereas in the United States people would rather buy tanning cream. On basis of this knowledge LOreal can position their whitening creams in India and the interesting part is the way the advertisements could be interpreted .the way the advertisements for the fairness creams are made in Asian countries these can be interpreted as racial advertisements in the USA but in Asian countries that seems to be quiet usual. Now thats where the knowledge of the culture and beliefs comes handy and helps avoiding unnecessary problems. From a business point of view, companies have to adapt themselves to the culture of each country in which they want to have business in.  for example, Because of the differences of culture between countries, companies need to adjust their products and services according to the local demands. This will help them to create and develop a brand image across the globe that is based on a large number of globally recognized products. Based on these examples we can say that LOreal was able to be successful in these markets because it adapted to ground realities of the particular market yet it followed a standardized strategy. If we study the marketing mix of Maybelline, it has two pronged strategy -one for the foreign markets another is the global street-smart image of the American chic. The global street smart image of New York chick can be admired in almost all the urban centers, be it India, china or Brazil. However there has to be a right mix of local flavor as well. The most important part of the LOreals strategic plan is opportunity hunting or the marketing of their products worldwide. From the initial days it already started catering to the demands of women worldwide. In order to do that efficiently they were expected to be well aware of the diversities of women across the globe .once they knew the diversities their job was to come up with different line of products suitable to the women from all parts of the world .Innovation has been the keyword for LOreal and this was made possible through constant research and development over the years .the group has already covered most parts of the world and still striving to cover more. In order to do so LOreal group has to keep respecting other peoples identity ,ideas and culture .LOreal has to keep valuing different cultures and nationalities to get their brand value up and it seems that they have been doing it really well. The success story can continue further because even today products of LOreal touches the cultural values instilled in potential customers mind .LOreal just doesnt sell the product it makes the customer buy the idea of dreaming big but still remaining rooted to the core cultural values .it has carefully devised its global marketing strategy and customized it to the local needs, and thats the reason people from Africa to Europe and America to Australia are using the LOreal products. LOreal has been doing pretty well in terms of global presence and monetary growth. The mission today is to understand consumers needs and expectations so as to meet them as effectively as possible along with widening the scope of global line of products.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Cheating Essay -- Academic Cheating Cheater Essays

Cheating Cheating used to be considered an unmentionable sin. However, in this day and age, it has become more common and somewhat of a daily occurrence. Cheating is more widespread today than in the past. According to the article titled Education: The New Morality, cheating has not been an issue of values, but simply one of practicality. This shows that many view cheating as a mere occurrence and something that can often be skipped over. The reason cheating has become such a pervasive movement is because many students tend to rationalize their cheating behavior. A common rationalization that many students use is, â€Å" That’s the only way I’ll get anywhere in life.† Many students also tend to incorporate reasons, such as parental pressures, the aim to be the best, and the lack of time, with their dishonest behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since cheating has been a problem in our society, there have been many attempts to rid the world of this problem. Such attempts include creating an honor code, forms of punishment, and possibly a computer-integrated classroom. The terms by which an honor code are defined as are (taken from the article titled A Question of Honor), â€Å" something that defines ethical academic conduct with the expectation that students will monitor their peers, report violations, and mete out penalties.† An honor code needs to be created by the student body in order to be carried out successfully. By enforcing an honor code, there is a creation of trust within the atmosphere...

The Life of Black Maids in The 1960s Essays -- African American Women,

Harsh, cruel, and stressful are three words to describe the life of African American women domestic workers during the Civil Rights Movement. During the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s, there were many contributions other than just the typical marches, speeches, and violence that everybody hears about. One of the many topics that have not been heard about frequently is the life of the colored maids during this time period. What were black domestic workers? These women worked for many white families usually in the south for practically their whole lives taking care of their employer’s children and working their houses cleaning and doing many other tasks. The life of a black maid had many responsibilities and difficulties that challenged these women on a daily basis. When discussing the background of the many women who became maids, it is often questioned where they came from and when they started working. In almost every black town there were many ladies all over who were maids. As early as 10 years old, these ladies had worked for many white families all over southern states. They started off by just doing simple tasks such as answering doorbells and sweeping the yard. When they start to become older, they learn to become cooks and then eventually are suited to be a maid to white families in the south (History Matters). Firstly, an African American maid raised white children and had many chores while doing so. An experienced black maid quoted on â€Å"History Matters† refers to the amount of work she had to do by saying, â€Å"It’s â€Å"Mammy, do this, â€Å"or â€Å"Mammy, do that,† or â€Å"Mammy do the other,† from my mistress, all the time.† The maids were required to wash, dress, and feed the children more than three times a day. Somet... ...were that they had. Even though they were dealt with many issues, they learned to stick up for themselves knowing the consequences that they would get. Not only did they have many responsibilities, but they had several hardships to deal with. Even later on in the years there was still problems between domestic workers and white employers during the Civil Rights movement and even after it. Even today, discrimination are still going on between different races, genders, etc. To this day, people all over are still willing to fight for their rights. Works Cited History Matters. n.d. 21 April 2014 . Kilen, Mike. The Desmoines Register. 8 October 2012. 25 April 2014 . Sharpless, Vanessa May and Rebecca. UNC Press Blog. n.d. 21 April 2014 . Stockett, Kathrynn. The Help. New York: Penguin Group, 2009.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Productivity between departments :: essays research papers

Introduction A good relationship between internal customers from separate departments improves productivity and eliminates wastes. There are three distinct departments in the organization I work for, estimating, production and finance. The relationship between these departments and how they communicate is vital in the flow of work from one from one department to the next, and ultimately the flow of work to our external customers. To some degree each of the departments is linked to the others, relying on each other to be able to complete their separate goals. To perform efficiently, each department in an organization needs to work towards group goals and visions. â€Å"A well crafted group vision serves as an umbrella under which can be gathered an enormous variety of personal aims consistent with it.† (Whitley, 1991 pp28). If a company is going to run effectively, each department needs to communicate in a manner where vital information can be accessed easily. A culture between departments of being part of an overall team needs to be bred into an organization. Each department needs to work towards â€Å"shared philosophies, ideologies, values, beliefs, expectations and norms† (Doraisamy, Internal Marketing slide 12). Just as important to a work culture is a culture outside of normal working hours, it is said that ‘a team that plays together works together’. Discussion I work for an organization that has 3 offices in the one building, one for estimating, one for finance and one for production. Although each department communicates to a degree what they are up to, people seem to know more about their own department then the one next to them. Once a week all departments meet to converse where they are and what they are doing and what aspects of their jobs are going to affect other departments. Each department seems to have a vision of what their departments goals are but there is a need for â€Å"aligning all the organizations parts so that they work together for a desirable goal† Whitley, 1991 pp22. In the production department I rely on estimating to provide work with a realistic budget and finance to manage and report the financial resources that I am expending. Likewise, estimating relies on me to let them know how they are performing and how they can reform their quoting to accurately take into they level of budget I require. Finance relies on me to provide them with the information that they require to accurately keep track of expenditures and to keep them informed of job progress so they know when and how much to invoice.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Changes in School Essay

Education has changed throughout time and will continue changing. With many changes for better or for worse, education will still be a priority for our children. After interviewing two teachers that have been in the education workforce for over twenty years, I realized how much change in society has affected the way teachers taught their students. The first teacher I interviewed had been teaching for twenty-five years and is a sixth grade teacher. She noted that any change in our culture has made a difference in her classroom. As part of the changes the role of schools and education will also be different both in the educational system and in the society. Together with them the role of teachers will also change. The way students are learning is changing therefore, the tools to accommodate these demands are changing as well. She commented that technology is now a great part of today’s education. She said its like an â€Å"explosion of technology† has hit our generation. Although she says that technology has brought many opportunities it has brought challenges as well. For example, it is an advantage for her to integrate computers in her classroom for learning. But it is a huge distraction when her students have cell phones and music player devices in class. She commented that â€Å"children in sixth grade shouldn’t even own cell phones. † They are too young to have cell phones and notices that twenty years ago, her students were not known to have such things. Technology is becoming more and more advanced everyday. Items that are faster and sleeker are replacing items that were once used. The teacher also commented that the role of parents throughout her time in teaching has changed as well. She noticed a change in the amount of parent involvement. She said that parents today are more involved in their child’s education than back then. The second teacher I interviewed, has been teaching for twenty years and is a third grade teacher. She says that the role of teachers in student achievement is critical. Children are not the only ones who must be prepared for change. Teachers must be knowledgeable with any and all changes that occur in our society as well. There have been great educational changes over the past years. There is one role in education that has been forced to keep up with changes brought about by the information age, computers and the changes in society. Before teachers, were the main source of learning and now there are many resources for students to search for answers to their questions. She also says that the number of students and teachers have grown through out her years. During her teaching years she says that parental involvement has generally increased during the last twenty years. And it’s a great factor that has evolved in children’s education. There are also more children with more than one nationality compared to children back then. Yet the world in which our children grow up and go to school has changed immensely. Back then personal computers were expensive, slow and rare. Today, those huge desktops are nearly gone. There were no web browsers and Internet Explorer came later, as did social media, like Google, Facebook and smart phones. We’ve hardly had time to figure out how this explosion of technology affects the way children think and relate to each other. I believe the need of a generation of teachers who aim to develop learners instead of teaching them, who help their students to become independent, who provide students with motivation and interest for life-long learning, is essential in the education of the future. Children today are growing up in a world that has changed significantly over the past twenty years. They are comfortable around technology that they have known all their lives. The changes going on today create an opportunity and a necessity for a transformation in the education system and in the way children are taught. Children must be prepared for a future of continued rapid change.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Detailed Guidance Essay

The pick up to doing well on this task is detail. several(prenominal) segments require that you psychoanalyse selective t individuallying. This requires that you read c arfully, compute late and show your penetration that you gained from the information provided in the topic breeding.A1. doh symphony Strengths and WeaknessesWhen picking out the impressivenesss and weaknesses of symphony on that point isnt a list to which you hind end refer. Rather, you lead want to read the plate study c arfully and to white plague your insight to discover indications of loudnesss and weaknesses in the data provided in the baptistry. Be true to cite modelings and to shroud every four required beas including pecuniary metiers/fiscal weaknesses & attractionship strengths/ leading weaknesses of the symphony. The backbone provide be to think deeply near the facts of the show window and to provide insightful responses.When makeing monetary strengths and weaknesses some it ems that you capability direct up embarrass profitability, stability, capital availability, reliance on revenue streams, fundraising, endowment sizes, outlays structures, policies that effect finance etc. and to individually onething that you believe would affect the cash in hand of the firm in a unequivocal or negative way.When considering leadership strengths and weaknesses your decoct should be on the leaders of the symphony, Keith Lockhart. What his strengths that you deal make a case would alter is effectiveness as a leader? What be his weaknesses that would lessen his effectiveness as leader? A nonher thing to consider would be if there are any va give the sackt key positions that would influence the leadership of the organization.Be sure to expound upon individually strength and weakness. For a hypothetical example if I were to fate that the opera had a profit I would further signalize whether this was a strength because it was signifi burnt or I could as ea sily get that it the profit was so small in relation to its expense structure that the take of profitability was echt a pecuniary weakness. directly that I had made a general admit I would act as in the chips from the case study to support my title and then bleed on to the adjoining strength or weakness. The key allow for be to hash out each strength and weakness tolerable to establish that it is, in fact, a strength or a weakness.A1a. Steps for Utah SymphonyNow youve provided some genuinely beneficial insight in your reciprocation about weaknesses for the symphony and in doing so you have determine a number of weaknesses. The evaluators will be tone to represent that youve provide recommendations of key locomote that Anne cigaret take for each of the weaknesses that you set in your discussion. Also, with regard to key locomote you will want to identify item actions that Anne butt end take. For examples if one of the weaknesses is poor fundraising you might evoke that Anne sets aside a flow rate of sentence each week during which she can plight her fundraising skills to improve fundraising. The recommendations of step that she can take can be common-sense, introductory steps (nothing fancy) but that would be effective in dealing with the weaknesses.A2. Utah Opera Strengths and Weaknesses canvas the case study carefully to line up examples of the strengths and weaknesses in the financial and leadership aspects of the symphony. Be sure to cite examples and to address all four required areas including financial strengths/financial weaknesses & leadership strengths/leadership weaknesses. The key will be to think deeply about the facts of the case and to provide insightful responses.When considering financial strengths and weaknesses some items that you might consider include profitability, stability, capital, liquidity, revenue streams, fundraising, endowment sizes, expenses structures, policies that effect pecuniary resource etc.W hen considering leadership strengths and weaknesses your focus should be on Anne Ewers. What are her leadership strengths? What are her strengths that you can make a case for would assist her ability to lead? What are her leadership weaknesses? Does she have any individualised liabilities that wouldweaken her ability to lead.Be sure to expound upon each strength and weakness. For a hypothetical example if I were to indicate that the symphony had a profit I would further indicate whether this was a strength because it was significant or I could as easily support that it the profit was so small in relation to its expense structure that the level of profitability was actual a financial weakness. Now that I had made a general claim I would bring in the poetry from the case study to support my claim and then move on to the next strength or weakness. The key will be to discuss each strength and weakness enough to establish that it is, in fact, a strength or a weakness.A2a. Steps for Uta h OperaNow youve provided some good insight in your discussion about weaknesses for the Opera and in doing so you have identified a number of weaknesses. The evaluators will be looking to see that youve provide recommendations of key steps that Anne can take for each of the weaknesses that you identified in your discussion. Also, with regard to key steps you will want to identify specific actions that Anne can take. For examples if one of the weaknesses is poor fundraising you might suggest that Anne sets aside a period of time each week during which she can employ her fundraising skills to improve fundraising. The recommendations of steps that she can take can be common-sense, basic steps (nothing fancy) but that would be effective in dealing with the weaknesses.A3. visiting card Aspects govern and download the Balanced Scorecard entry given to you in Task Stream. The equilibrize circuit board is not covered in your book. Look at the book from SkillPort consummation Drivers A Practical Guide to victimisation the Balanced Scorecard. This is where the template came from. Read chapter 1, 2 and 3 to best understand it. discriminate the information in the current posters for each company to the cultures you can discern from the case study. Do you think the scorecards adequately address the strengths and weaknesses? Why or why not?B. incorporated Company Balanced Scorecard(Create a Balanced Scorecard for the structured company using the strategic goals. These goals are given to you in the directions for the task (see information above the questions).Dont entirely combine the symphony and opera goals, CSFs and measurement. Use the strategic goals to develop a goal for each of the four aspects. Now, be creative, what should the critical success factors and measurements be? identify sure to manufacture and include a vision statement and a transmission line model statement (you can use the ones on the symphony and opera fit scorecards as a model). When c reating the goals for the individual sections of the balance scorecard you will want to create goals that are specific to the section (finance, customer, infixed etc.) but that, if fulfild, would help the company to achieve the five first-year strategic goals that are identified at the top of the task.C. Merged Company Strengths and WeaknessesThe key here is to analyze the company utilizing the balances scorecard as an analytical tool. In earlier sections you had to analyze strengths and weaknesses as you pull them out of the facts of a case study. However, now you have been introduced to a sweet analytical tool the balanced scorecard and you will need to analyze each element of the balanced scorecard. You should analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the structured company addressing each section of the scorecard e.g. financial customer, internal process & erudition and growth.D. IssuesFrom reading the case study and afterward reading about change circumspection in Chapter 18 of the Kreitner and Kinicki, discuss an abbreviate in each of the 3 areas (finance, gentlemans gentleman resources, and customer satisfaction) then include good mitigating steps that Anne could take to prevent the problem.D1. Mitigating Actions This section requires that you identify 3 actions that Anne can directly take to mitigate the three issues you identified above. (You should provide one recommendation for each of the issues that you identified in part D.) You should not only identify, but should alsoexplain, on the dot what Anne should do for each of the three recommendations that you provide.E. In-Text Citations and References in APA FormatEvery reference that is listed on the Reference list should have been cited in-text in your response. If you did not cite something in-text it should be interpreted off of this reference list. However, at tokenish you should cite the case study and the pattern textbook and there should be tally in-text citations within your resp onse.

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

Types of Courage to Kill a Mockingbird

To Kill a Mockingbird types of courage In Harper Lee’s â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† Lee has three chinese characters Atticus, Jem, and Scout Finch. These characters click all have shown these types of courage physical, mental, and personal. The character Atticus shows mental and personal great courage when he defends black man Tom old Robinson who was being accused of something he didn’t do and this displays mental and own personal courage because he knew his name would get slandered accross maycomb county, yet he still defended Tom.Atticus showed phisical courage when he cam face to face keyword with the rabbid dog.The storyline of the film is depending upon the publication.This portion demonstrates his phisical courage.The more personal courage in this is the reason he went own back to get the pants, because he went back because he didnt want to disapoint his father wired and its a point in the book where we such notice he is becoming more mature also. Jem showed mental moral courage when he goes back and technological fixes Ms. Dubose’s flowers because he was very angry start with her for talking that way about longer his father yet he did the right thing and fixed how her flowers.Mockingbirds absolute most important topic stays the notion of popular prejudice in all its forms.

Being a famous singer has been a dream of mine.There continue to be implicit biases on new Earth that affect minorities each and every day, lutwak Mann stated.Valued and the innocent ought to be protected.Courage is a real hard thing for folks to do.

Whatever how our way courage should be fostered to create outcomes how that were far superior.Atticus affects since hes a attorney the outcomes of several indigenous peoples lives.Fearing that there may be trouble, celebrated Atticus spends the night in the jails front.Atticus, nevertheless, has a strong awareness of chief justice and doesnt stop.

Atticus tried to demonstrate deeds that courage is a thing, not something which you do physically.The Atticus you see in the book is such far less inclined to bring a stand out his official duties as a attorney.Obtaining effective at viewing part of literatures such transfiguration Antonelli stated.Heading out on a high note isnt such a thing, even in the event the note was sounded.