Managing in the Global Work Force

Questions: I. The vender has consented to a fixed value motivator (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $540,000 and the purchaser/dealer share proportion 80/20. The last real expense is $430,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: Final value: 2. The dealer has consented to a fixed value motivating force (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $500,000 and the purchaser/vender share proportion is 80/20. The last real expense is $520,000. Decide the following:Final balanced charge: Final value: 3. The merchant has consented to an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed charge is 10% of the objective expense. The last genuine expense is $500,000. Decide the following:Final charge: Final value: 4. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to impet us charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is I0% of the objective expense. The greatest charge is $50,000, the base expense is $17,000 and the purchaser/merchant share proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $600,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: Final price:5. The merchant has consented to an expense in addition to motivating force charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed tee is I 0% of the objective expense. The most extreme charge is $50,000. the base expense is $17.000 and the offer proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $400,000.Determine the accompanying: Final balanced charge: 6. Somewhere in the range of 10 months prior you granted an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) agreement to a huge organization to give a media communications infra-structure at a few areas. The agreement was haggled with an objective expense of$200,000 and a charge of 0% of the objective expense. The a greement is finished and the last costs come in at $150.000. What is the aggregate sum you should pay to the provider? 7. As a component of a venture to remodel the air terminal in Peekskill, New York, you granted an expense in addition to impetus charge (C PIF) contract for overhauling the eatery and parlors. The objective expenses were haggled at $200,000, with a 10% objective benefit. The purchaser/merchant share proportion is 80/20. The venture was finished at $180,000. What amount is the absolute agreement cost which must be paid to the provider? 8. You arranged an expense in addition to fixed charge in addition to grant expense (CPFF/AF) contract with a vender for an anticipated all out estimation of $505,000, of which $500,000 is the objective expense and $5,000 is the measure of the fixed expense. You have likewise saved a financial plan for a potential honor expense, with a not-to-surpass sum of$25,000. The vender's last cost comes in at $533,000. What is the last installme nt to the merchant? Answers: I. The vender has consented to a fixed value motivating force (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $540,000 and the purchaser/merchant share proportion 80/20. The last genuine expense is $430,000. Decide the following:Final balanced charge: 43,000 (43000*10%)Final cost: 4,73,000 (430000+43000)2. The dealer has consented to a fixed value motivation (FPI) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is 10% of the objective expense. The value roof is $500,000 and the purchaser/vender share proportion is 80/20. The last genuine expense is $520,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: 50,000 (520000*10% or 50,000 lower)Final cost: 500,000 (Price ceiling)3.The vender has consented to an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed charge is 10% of the objective expense. The last genuine expense is $500,000. Decide the following:Final charge: 45,000 (450000*10%)Final cost: 5,45,000 (500000+45000)4. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to motivating force charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the objective charge is I0% of the objective expense. The most extreme charge is $50,000, the base expense is $17,000 and the purchaser/dealer share proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $600,000. Decide the following:Final balanced expense: 50,000 (600000*10% or 50,000 lower)Final cost: 650,000 (600000 + 50000)5. The dealer has consented to an expense in addition to impetus charge (CPIF) contract. The objective expense is $450,000 and the fixed tee is I 0% of the objective expense. The greatest expense is $50,000. theminimum charge is $17.000 and the offer proportion is 80/20. The last expense is $400,000.Determine the accompanying: Final balanced charge: 440,000 (400000 + 10% of 400000)6. Somewhere in the range of 10 months back you granted an expense in addition to fixed charge (CPFF) agreement to an enormous organization to give a broadcast communications infra-structure at a few areas. The agreement was haggled with an objective expense of$200,000 and a charge of 0% of the objective expense. The agreement is finished and the last costs come in at $150.000. What is the aggregate sum you should pay to the provider? (150,000 + 0% fees)7. As a major aspect of a venture to revamp the air terminal in Peekskill, New York, you granted an expense in addition to impetus charge (C PIF) contract for overhauling the eatery and parlors. The objective expenses were haggled at $200,000, with a 10% objective benefit. The purchaser/dealer share proportion is 80/20. The venture was finished at $180,000. What amount is the all out agreement cost which must be paid to the provider? 183,600 (180000+ 20% of 10% of 180,000)8. You arranged an expense in addition to fixed charge in addition to grant expense (CPFF/AF) contract with a dealer for an anticipated absol ute estimation of $505,000, of which $500,000 is the objective expense and $5,000 is the measure of the fixed charge. You have likewise saved a financial plan for a potential honor expense, with a not-to-surpass sum of$25,000. The dealer's last cost comes in at $533,000. What is the last installment to the seller?563,000 (533,000 + 5,000 + 25,000) References https://www.fm-world.co.uk/by-theme/acquisition ventures/obtainment ventures articles/https://www.pmi.org/learning/contract-acquirement the executives 1782

Toshibas Case Unethical Accounting Practices and Ethical Dilemma

Question: Examine about the Toshibas Case of Unethical Accounting Practices and Ethical Dilemma. Answer: Content Role Play Storyteller: In this pretend, we are going to address the issue of unscrupulous bookkeeping rehearses that is being trailed by senior, center and line the executives so as to meet the desires or individual objectives of their pioneers (CEO) as opposed to the necessity of the business. in the car producing organization Toshiba. The hero of this case is the bookkeeping executive, A. Prior to joining the organization, A has been viewed as moral individual and fruitful expert. Shorting subsequent to joining the organization, he distinguished the Toshibas corporate culture that doesn't permit anybody to conflict with the desire of their seniors and the amateurish bookkeeping rehearses that include exaggerating the working benefits. As the organization is moving to another money related year, A has been doled out the assignment of setting up a monetary report. In the wake of getting ready and sending the settled budgetary report to B, the CEO of the organization, for endorsement, A discove red that the pioneers are not content with the report as they need it to exaggerate the working benefits so as to pull in financial specialists and manufacture best organization standpoint before its partners. An additionally came to know through the interior overviews and from different workers that there is no decision yet to adhere to the directions of seniors. These finding out about the corporate culture and improper bookkeeping rehearses and the inside feelings of An and good and moral qualities have introduced a moral issue for An and he can't locate the correct way to follow as there are numerous variables or partners who might be influenced by the choice taken by A. There are a few inquiries that An is looking for answer to and is scrutinizing his inner voice to discover the most ideal way out if the circumstance. Following are the selections that the A had with his still, small voice during the time spent getting the correct way to follow. Inner voice The bookkeeping practice of intentionally blowing up the working benefits to fulfill the concealed motivation of seniors isn't proper, as it isn't helpful for the association at long last. Is it not imperative to adhere to International Accounting Standards (IAS) and keep up straightforwardness in money related revealing? A: But that ought not be my anxiety as the I my activity is just to serve the organization and the businesses instead of putting time in issues that are past the domain of present place of employment profile. Furthermore, the corporate culture of the organization doesn't permit to scrutinize the sets of seniors and it can't be changed for the time being. The current budgetary announcing frameworks is practically speaking in the association for quite a while and is contrived by the bosses and they should be completely mindful of the results of their activities. Soul: You are the bookkeeping chief of the organization and it is your duty to assume responsibility for the exercises of the business concerning bookkeeping and monetary exercises. A: Since I am a recently selected bookkeeping chief, it is imperative to get acclimated with the new hierarchical culture, as each worker in the association knows about the present practices. Likewise, the past bookkeeping executive lost his employment as he would not satisfy the prerequisites of his bosses. For me it is progressively imperative to spare my activity and make a positive impression before the bosses. Further, the present open door is colossal and it would be increasingly critical for my own vocation improvement. Inner voice: It isn't about your own objectives or profession advancement openings yet about the different partners that are influenced by the distortion of budgetary information and over expressing of working benefits. For example, the investors who are putting resources into the organization have an authentic option to think about the genuine state of the business to settle on a choice about their ventures. An: I really comprehend the significance of straightforwardness in the monetary announcing as it empowers the different partners to have better appraisal of the business and invest heavily in their relationship with the business. In any case, if the current mal practices of the organization rise to the top in the open area it can have genuine repercussion for the business and different partners. For example, the confidence and pride of the present workers would be damaged and it is conceivable that the legislature would make legitimate move against the companys the executives and the organization might be secured that would bring about representatives losing their positions and this not the perfect situation. Moreover, the client steadfastness towards the brand and altruism of the organization in the market would be seriously harmed. Further, Toshiba is a very much rumored business association and contributes emphatically in the improvement of the general public and a wellspring of i ncome age for the business, in this manner, if the current deceptive practices comes into open space it would have negative effect for all the partners of the organization. Soul: But is progressively essential to discover changeless answer for the present arrangement as truth can't be covered up for quite a while and the circumstance would be increasingly convoluted for everybody to oversee if the administrative bodies uncovers reality. Consequently it is prudent to assume responsibility if current circumstance and to the correct thing regardless of whether costs you your activity. Storyteller: A tunes in to his inward voice and chooses to discuss the issue by and by with B, the CEO of the organization in nearness of other board individuals to communicate his interests about the current mal rehearses in the business and cause them to comprehend about the gravity of the present circumstance if these practices comes into open information. (Following multi week upon the arrival of executive gathering) A: Good evening B, how are you getting along today? B: I am acceptable, how right? How like functioning in this association? Do you like your present position and employment? An: I am acceptable and thank you for asking, in any case, I might want to examine some significant issue identified with the money related announcing presently being drilled in our association. In my four months of work in this association, I have discovered that the money related reports are continually swelling the benefits and different distortions in the budgetary detailing. These practices are against the International Accounting Standards and are untrustworthy in nature. Further, it is the legitimate commitment for any business association to introduce precise budgetary data to its partners as they can get to the money related situation of the business and make suitable assessment about the business. B: Well I am mindful about the present works on being trailed by our association and as I would see it, it is essential to have such practices to pull in financial specialists and make a good impression about the business among the different partners. An: I am certain you know about these deceptive practices in the budgetary announcing however are not completely comprehend about the ramifications of such practices. Such practices have profited the business in the short run by drawing in more financial specialists. Be that as it may, over the long haul these exploitative practices will undoubtedly cost organization beyond all doubt. On the off chance that the administrative body finds these mal rehearses all the partners of the organization would be influenced. The financial specialists would cease from putting cash in the business and may pull their relationship from the organization. The pride and confidence of the representatives would be antagonistically influenced. Also, the organization may need to close a portion of its branches that would bring about loss of occupations for the present workers. The brand an incentive in the brains of the clients would fall apart and steadfast clients and customers would move to our rivals a s nobody needs to be related with an organization that enjoys exploitative strategic approaches. To summarize it very well may be said that the general business and notoriety of the organization would go down and that would be hard to survive. Furthermore, if administrative bodies find these dishonest strategic approaches, many board individuals (counting An and B) would lose their employments and would be exposed to legitimate procedures. B: Perhaps you are correct, so what do you propose to maintain a strategic distance from such circumstance without influencing the companys connection with its partners and proceeding with gainful business activities? A: Since, it is an ideal opportunity to introduce yearly monetary report for our partners and overall population, we can introduce genuine money related situation of the organization benefits and request more prominent help from the different partners to revive the organization. Further, the organization has all the abilities to prevail in the market by its own, in this manner, it would be progressively proper to concentrate our assets and energies on improve business capability as opposed to swelling benefits to pull in clients. B: Thank you for featuring the gravity of current untrustworthy bookkeeping rehearses. We will talk about the issues with other board individuals to come out with better and straightforward money related announcing components and plan future strategy. References Adams, C. A. (2002). Inside authoritative components impacting corporate social and moral announcing: Beyond current theorising.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,15(2), 223-250. Adams, C. A. (2004). The moral, social and ecological announcing execution depiction gap.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,17(5), 731-757. Brief, A. P., Dukerich, J. M., Brown, P. R., Brett, J. F. (1996). What's up with the Treadway Commission Report? Test examinations of the impacts of individual qualities and sets of principles on fake money related reporting.Journal of Business Ethics,15(2), 183-198. Claypool, G. A., Fetyko, D. F., Pearson, M. A. (1990). Responses to moral situations: an investigation relating to guaranteed open accountants.Journal of Business Ethics,9(9), 699-706. D'Aquila, J. M. (1998). Is the control condition identified with f

Essay Topics - How to Research the Presidents Essay Essays and Earn Good Grades in College, Let Alone a Presidential Scholarship!

Essay Topics - How to Research the President's Essay Essays and Earn Good Grades in College, Let Alone a Presidential Scholarship!Obama Essay Topics- How to Research the President's Essay Essays and earn good grades in college, let alone a Presidential Scholarship! This is just one of many practical applications, which help you achieve this. But there are actually three different areas that you need to understand in order to successfully go about researching your essay topics. We will first go over the five most important aspects you should think about before you start any research for your essay.First of all, we have to understand the history of the candidate's campaigns. This may sound like a simple thing to do, but it really is very important to figure out what happened and why and how it came to pass. As you do your research, make sure that you study the papers that were made after the events of the campaign and the speeches that were made by the candidates during those events.Se cond, is to go back and find out the candidate's education background. After all, people tend to change throughout their lifetime and in some cases after they become President of the United States. The fact is that most Presidents have a history of working with people who studied abroad, and you should figure out who they worked with and what degrees they might have received.Third, is to find out what the public thinks about the topic that you are studying. Obviously, you will want to tell people what you find out to the best of your ability. Of course, in some cases, this is easier said than done. This means that you have to approach a little more carefully, even if it means being a little less ambitious in your research.Fourth, is to find out how much public support is for a particular policy. You need to be sure that whatever you are studying has public support, and in some cases, you will need to talk to people in the public to find out just how popular a particular policy is. I t can be a little harder to do, but it can also be worth it in the end.Finally, is to make sure that you write about the topic from the perspective of your students in order to get a final result. Sometimes, the candidates themselves tell their stories in their policy statements, and this can sometimes make for an interesting story. Your students, however, may not be able to relate to that story, so you will need to make sure that you incorporate something more in order to give them something to relate to.Getting some good Obama Essay Topics can help you get a good grade in college, let alone a Presidential Scholarship. Just keep in mind the details we mentioned above, and when you write your essay, keep in mind that your topics need to relate to public opinion. And if you don't talk to the public, it's unlikely that they will be able to relate to your written words.Keep in mind that if you're going to get a good grade in college, or even a Presidential Scholarship, it takes a lot m ore than just a good grade in college. In other words, you have to be prepared to read things for a very long time, and to write with passion.

Conquest of Mexico Essay - 5987 Words

Conquest of Mexico nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In 1519 Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s led a couple hundred other Spaniards inland to the impressive Empire of the Mexica ruled by the Great Montezuma. Many historians today tell how quickly and almost effortlessly these Spaniards conquered the Empire. They paint an image of ignorant, helpless Indians practically giving up their land out of fear of this group because certainly the Spaniards must be gods since they have powerful weapons and strange animals. We know neither Cortà ©s nor any of his men were gods, of course, but what was it that allowed Cortà ©s to prevail over the inhabitants of the land? The First Expeditions To begin, in 1517 Francisco Hernà ¡ndez de Cà ³rdova, Bernal Dà ­az del Castillo, and†¦show more content†¦Finding additional men for the journey proved uncomplicated. Word spread quickly about the attainable riches to be had in the new land; so 240 men were quickly put together for the mission. (Dà ­az) Using Cà ³rdova and his crew’s experience in Champoton, Grijalva approached the land carefully anchoring the ships one league from shore. The Indians, puffed-up from their previous victory over the Spaniards, waited on shore for the party to land. Supplying themselves with crossbows and guns, a portion of the soldiers embarked toward shore. The Indians volleyed arrows with such constancy, more than half the men were wounded prior to landing. However, upon landing, the Spaniards were able to drive the Indians back to the swamps because of their use of good swordplay, the crossbows, and the guns. (Dà ­az) The Indians stayed to the swamps and Grijalva and his men advanced to the town. There they found masonry buildings used to make sacrifices to their idols. They explored the surroundings for three days but found nothing of value to take. They returned to their ships and traveled along to Rio de Tabasco. (Dà ­az) At Rio de Tabasco they stumbled on a strait. Being too shallow to allow the ships’ passage, a party embarked on their small boats to investigate. In the woods along the strait, the men could hear the locals preparing stockades and barriers in preparation for a fight with theShow MoreRelatedConquest of Mexico Essay6049 Words   |  25 PagesConquest of Mexico In 1519 Hernà ¡n Cortà ©s led a couple hundred other Spaniards inland to the impressive Empire of the Mexica ruled by the Great Montezuma. Many historians today tell how quickly and almost effortlessly these Spaniards conquered the Empire. They paint an image of ignorant, helpless Indians practically giving up their land out of fear of this group because certainly the Spaniards must be gods since they have powerful weapons and strange animals. We know neither Cortà ©s nor anyRead MoreSpain s Conquest Of Mexico1698 Words   |  7 PagesMy name is Marco Valencia; formerly one of Hernan Cortes` conquistadors. I am writing this memoir about Spain s conquest of Mexico. 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These civilizations were also onlookers to one of the worst demographic tragedies in history seeing population losses of almost ninety percent, down to one million occupants a century after conquest (Marr and Kiracoffe 2000). These demographic tragedies were in the form of epidemics of both New and Old World origin and as a result of and major contributing factors to the success of the Spanish Conquest of the region. As the SpaniardsRead MoreAztecs And Incas : Similarities And Differences1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe Aztecs and Incas: Similarities and Differences The Aztecs were warrior people who lived in the Valley of Mexico, with the capital at Tenochtitlan, during the 1400s. Under their authoritarian state, the Aztecs worshipped their patron god, Huitzilopochtli, among other deities. Despite their warrior tactics and developed belief system, the Spaniards conquered them in 1519. 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The Victims Of Children With Disabilities - 2087 Words

Before In the olden day, children born with disabilities were hidden or even killed. Shame and guilt often followed the birth of a child with disabilities. Most people believed that the disability was the result of a family member’s sins. Although society began accepting people with disabilities as time passed, a disability was still viewed as a personal tragedy. Many children were denied access to education and opportunities to learn. In 1967, 200,000 persons with disabilities resided in state institutions. Many of these restrictive settings provided only minimal food, clothing, and shelter. These institutions did not have the individuals with a disability assessed, educated, or rehabilitated. In 1970, U.S. public schools educated only one in five children with disabilities. Many states had laws excluding certain students, including children who were deaf, blind, emotionally disturbed, or mentally retarded. (Archived: 25 Year History of the IDEA) Society often felt pity upon the family of the child with a disability, and often partook in acts of charity. Organizations focused on the prevention and cure of disabilities. Successful funding movements often campaigned using photos of helpless children with disabilities apparently destined to a miserable life. (History and Current Trends Regarding People with Disabilities) Rise of Special Education In the 40s and 50s parents organized and advocated for education and services for their children with disabilities using theShow MoreRelatedThe Victims Of Children With Disabilities1331 Words   |  6 PagesIn the olden day, children born with disabilities were hidden or even killed. Shame and guilt often followed the birth of a child with disabilities. Most people believed that the disability was the result of a family member’s sins. 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Bullying has been a part of school for as long as children have been

The Status of Women in Ancient Times Free Essays

The Status Of Women In Ancient Times Throughout the years, women have had to fight for the right to gain independence and freedom. They have been through good times and bad, but through all of it women have won respect and responsibility for themselves. In the times of Ancient Egypt, women had many more rights than other places. We will write a custom essay sample on The Status of Women in Ancient Times or any similar topic only for you Order Now Inheritance and property were important to them. The status of women in Mesopotamia was as simple as a contract, and men were their priority. The Napoleonic Code and the Sharia Law were degrading and difficult. It is important that we reflect on what women have been through to learn for the future. In Ancient Egypt, women were mainly important for reproduction. Children were very important, and infertile women were divorced immediately. Marriage was a very important aspect, as it was almost considered a duty of the Egyptian people. It was also popular to marry cousins, brothers, and sisters considering family and dynasties were very important. If one was to be divorced it was a very private matter, but if they wanted, women could get divorced for any reason. The men were also free to marry as many women as they liked. Women could inherit their husbands belonging and property. They could give it to anyone or keep it, and many of the husband’s rules were written in his will. Women had a lot of rights in Ancient Egypt and that is very close to what we are today. In Mesopotamia, the rights for women were very different. The status of women in their marriage relied completely on a contract. The women were forced to stay with their husbands until he wanted to leave her, and there was nothing she could do if she was unhappy in the relationship. Once the husband divorced, they could not re-marry. Men dominated in every aspect, even the children. For women to have any inheritance or property it had to be in a written document. Some of the things women could do in Mesopotamian times were that they were able to buy and sell in the market place, and they could attend all legal matters. They could also conduct business on their property. The only reason why this was important though was because the men were lazy and wanted the women to work for them. The Napoleonic Code was a code in ancient times which also contained rules for women. The main aspect was that as long as men took care of the wives and protected them, the women had to have full obedience to their husbands. They had to ask to do anything and everything. There was no such thing as more than one marriage, because the only way a woman could divorce her husband was if they had grave or a severe injury. If the women committed adultery they would have three months in jail and a divorce, where as if the men committed adultery there was no punishment. The men were so powerful that if they were ever unhappy with their sons, they could get them arrested. The men had full use of the wife’s inheritance and property if she gave his approval, and it was very rare that she didn’t. Also, if anyone else wanted their inheritance, they would have to sue the owner of the inheritance. The husband managed the dowry completely, but had to give the wife one thing per year for maintenance or personal need. The only right the wife had was that she could make her will without the consent and authority of her husband. Lastly, the Sharia Law was unfair to women as well. The major inequality that is noticeable is that the Muslim men could marry non-Muslim women, but Muslim women could not marry non-Muslim men. Also the men could divorce their wives but he had to pay an already agreed sum of money that was established before the marriage. Women could onluy divorce men if they were infertile, insane, had leprosy or some other skin desease. The men had full power over the children, yet the mother could only have power over them if they were too young to part from their mothers. The worst part of the Sharia Law was that the men were given right under the Quran to hit their wives. The only right the women had were rights to inheritance, and the right to make a will. Researching all about the status of women in ancient times makes me so grateful to live the way we do today. Women should not be treated like objects or property. For a man to be able to hit a woman is so shocking to me. I believe that we should learn from our past world and know that we should not repeat some of the aspects of the law in ancient times again. How to cite The Status of Women in Ancient Times, Papers

Sampling Methods and Statistics

Introduction Sampling may be defined as the process of selecting an appropriate representation of a population for the purpose of attaining information regarding the overall population. A sampling distribution may be defined as a probability distribution of all possible means of a given size selected from a population. A sample must be unbiased and representative for accurate results.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sampling Methods and Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sampling Sampling methods may be broadly categorized into probability and non-probability methods. Probability sampling supports the idea that elements to be included in the sample have a non-zero (and known) chance. They include random, systematic and stratified sampling. In non-probability sampling, population elements are selected in a non-random way such that elements do not have a known chance of being selected. They include ju dgemental, convenience, quota and snowball sampling. Probability Sampling methods Random sampling occurs when each element in the population has an equal chance of being selected to form part of the sample and selection relies on chance. Stratified sampling occurs where the population is divided into groups ensuring that elements within each group are as similar as possible. This process is called stratification and the groups formed are called strata. Systematic sampling is used for quality control sampling. In this case, a sample element is enlisted as a member of the sample if it falls under the kth element. For example, for a population of 500, every tenth, twentieth or fiftieth element will be included. Non-probability sampling In judgemental sampling the researcher selects whom to include as the sample element with the belief that their views are fundamental for the study. For convenience sampling, selection of elements is done on the basis of convenience which may be time, co st or location. In quota sampling the researcher initially identifies the strata within the population. After defining the strata, the researcher uses convenience or judgmental sampling to include elements in the sample. Snowball sampling uses referrals made by respondents which may be used by the researcher as part of the sample.Advertising Looking for case study on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sampling distributions Sampling distributions consider the laws of probability. For example, a nanny has 5 children under her supervision. Child (x) Age (Years) 1 2 2 4 3 6 4 8 5 10 These five children form the entire population i.e. n=5. Therefore the population mean is calculated by: Hence,  µ= (2+4+6+8+10) /5= 6 years. The standard deviation of the population is given by: (X-  µ)2 X  µ (X-  µ)2 2 6 16 4 6 4 6 6 0 8 6 4 10 6 16 Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Sampling Methods and Statistics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More = 40 Therefore ÏÆ' = =2.83 Years Taking all the possible random samples of size 2, we will get 10 possible such samples. Elements Values Sample Mean (X1, X2) (2,4) á ºâ€¹ 1=3 (X1, X3) (2,6) á ºâ€¹2=4 (X1, X4) (2,8) á ºâ€¹3=5 (X1, X5) (2,10) á ºâ€¹4=6 (X2, X3) (4,6) á ºâ€¹5=5 (X2, X4) (4,8) á ºâ€¹6=6 (X2, X5) (4,10) á ºâ€¹7=7 (X3, X4) (6,8) á ºâ€¹8=7 (X3, X5) (6,10) á ºâ€¹9=8 (X4, X5) (8,10) á ºâ€¹10=9 The grand mean of these samples is given by: (3+4+5+6+†¦.+8+9) à ·10= 6 yearsAdvertising Looking for case study on math statistics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sampling distribution of the means of the ages is tabulated below and has two predictable patterns. The sampling distribution gives a mean that is similar to the population mean. Sampling Means (á ºâ€¹) Probability P(á ºâ€¹) 3 0.1 4 0.1 5 0.2 6 0.2 7 0.2 8 0.1 9 0.1 E(á ºâ€¹)= 3(0.1)+4(0.1)+5(0.2)+6(0.2)+7(0.2)+8(0.1)+9(0.1)= 6 years The shape of the sampling distribution is bell shaped even when the population is not normally distributed provided the sample is reasonably sufficient. This property leads to the central limit theorem which states that regardless of the shape of the distribution of the population, the distribution of the sample mean approaches the normal probability distribution as the sample size increases. Standard error of the mean This is a measure of dispersion of the distribution of the sample means and is similar in concept to the standard deviation in a frequency distribution. It measures the likely deviation of a sample mean from th e grand mean of the sampling distribution. From the example of the five children, taking the sample means, we can calculate ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ as: ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ = where N is the number of sample means. Hence 2 is the standard error of mean. This value will always be less than ÏÆ'. The relationship between ÏÆ' and ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ is indicated below. ÏÆ' á ºâ€¹ = Standard normal distribution Taking students with a mean  µ of 120 and a standard deviation ÏÆ' of 10, we can calculate the probability of any student chosen at random with scores between 120 and 125. z= (á ºâ€¹ –  µ)/ ÏÆ' (125-120)à ·10=0.5 The area of z = 0.5 from z tables is 0.1915 meaning there is a 19.15% chance that a student picked at random will have scores between 120 and 125. Supposing that a random sample of 25 students is chosen, to find the probability that the mean sample will be between 120 and 125: This indicates the standardized normal distribution of the means. The area for z= 2.5 is 0.4938 ind icating that this is the probability that the sample mean will fall between 120 and 125. Conclusion In conclusion, sampling is used to provide a general feel of the population from which the researcher can make statistical inferences. Sampling distributions indicate the properties of the population in terms of how the data elements relate to each other. Accurate estimation depends on representativeness of the sample as well as extent of variability in the population. This case study on Sampling Methods and Statistics was written and submitted by user Jaxen Rose to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Overview of the Controversy of Evolution

An Overview of the Controversy of Evolution The Theory of Evolution has been the topic of many debates between the scientific and religious communities. The two sides seemingly cant come to an agreement on what scientific evidence has been found and faith-based beliefs. Why is this subject so controversial? Most religions do not argue that species change over time. The overwhelming scientific evidence cant be ignored. However, the controversy stems from the idea that humans evolved from monkeys or primates and the origins of life on Earth. Even Charles Darwin knew his ideas would be controversial in religious communities when his wife often debated with him. In fact, he tried not to talk about evolution, but rather focused on adaptations in different environments. The biggest point of controversy between science and religion is what should be taught in schools. Most famously, this controversy came to a head in Tennessee in 1925 during the Scopes Monkey Trial when a substitute teacher was found guilty of teaching evolution. More recently, legislative bodies in several states are trying to reinstate the teaching of Intelligent Design and Creationism in science classes. This war between science and religion has been perpetuated by the media. In fact, science does not deal with religion at all and is not out to discredit any religion. Science is based upon evidence and knowledge of the natural world. All hypotheses in science must be falsifiable. Religion, or faith, deals with the supernatural world and is a feeling that cannot be falsified. Therefore, religion and science should not be pitted against each other as they are in completely different fields.​

2016 Presidential Debates - Schedule and Rules

2016 Presidential Debates - Schedule and Rules The 2016 presidential debate schedule had the White House hopefuls sparring more than a year before the election for Presidential Barack Obamas successor. The first of more than a dozen debates in the 2016 presidential election cycle was held in August 2015 among the large field of Republican candidates seeking the partys nomination. There were at least 23 presidential debates scheduled across the primary and general-election seasons, including 12 sponsored by the Republican National Committee and 11 by the Democratic National Committee. The Commission on Presidential Debates also schedule three presidential debates and one vice-presidential debate in the run-up to the November 2016 general election, as it has done in years past. General Election Debates After voters of both parties chose  their nominees - Republican Donald Trump and Democrat Hillary Clinton - the nonprofit and nonpartisan  Commission on Presidential Debates scheduled three presidential debates before the 2016 election. Heres the presidential debate schedule in the general-election: Monday, Sept. 26, 2016:  The first presidential debate of the fall campaign will be held at Wright State University in Dayton, Ohio. Tuesday, Oct. 4, 2016:  The first and only debate among the vice presidential nominees will be held at Longwood University in Farmville, Virginia. Sunday, Oct. 9, 2016: The second presidential debate of the fall campaign will be held at Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri.   Wednesday, Oct. 19, 2016:  The third presidential debate of the fall campaign will be held at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, in Las Vegas, Nevada. Republican Presidential Debate Schedule The Republican Party drastically cut its presidential debate schedule following the recommendations of a 2013 critique of its 2012 election losses; the report noted that the number of primary debates had grown from six in 1980 to 20 in 2012. Wrote Republican National Committee spokesman Sean Spicer: â€Å"Most observers concluded after the 2012 election that the packed debate schedule was a disservice to the candidates - and, more important, to the voters. The schedule kept candidates off the campaign trail, robbing them of time that otherwise could have been spent meeting with voters, listening to their concerns and trying to earn their support. The Republican National Committee sanctioned a dozen presidential debates in the 2016 primary cycle. Heres when the GOP presidential candidates debated: Aug.  6, 2015:  Cleveland, Ohio Sept.  16, 2015:  Simi Valley, California Oct. 28, 2015:  Boulder, Colorado Nov. 10, 2015: Milwaukee, Wisconsin Dec.  15, 2015:  Las Vegas, Nevada Jan. 14, 2016: North Charleston, South Carolina Jan. 28, 2016: Des Moines, Iowa Feb.  6, 2016:  Manchester, New Hampshire   Feb.  13, 2016: Greenville, South Carolina   Feb. 25, 2016: Houston, Texas March 3, 2016: Detroit, Michigan March 10, 2016: Miama, Florida Democratic Presidential Debate Schedule The Democratic National Committee held  11 debates between the two candidates seeking the partys presidential nomination in 2016, former U.S. Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton and U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders of Vermont. Heres when the Democratic candidates debated: Oct. 13, 2015: Las Vegas, Nevada Nov. 14, 2015: Des Moines, Iowa Dec. 19, 2015: Manchester, New Hampshire Jan. 17, 2016: Charleston, South Carolina Jan. 25, 2016: Des Moines, Iowa Feb. 4, 2016: Durham, New Hampshire Feb. 11, 2016: Milwaukee, Wisconsin March 6, 2016: Flint, Michigan March 9, 2016: Miama, FloridaApril, 2016May, 2016

Action Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Action Research Proposal - Essay Example The ELP program will be executed once a week for three hours for one semester in collaboration with teachers who are trained to provide a family atmosphere to the students. The trained ELP staff will take every opportunity in and out of classrooms to follow up on the students and to coordinate with their classroom teachers as to student behavior and to guide them accordingly in the formation of their character and developing good school habits. ELP teachers shall be in regular communication with parents, counselors, administrators and non-ELP teachers to monitor each student’s progress. Results will indicate if the ELP program is effective in motivating the students to stay in school and prevent dropping out. Adolescence is a very trying time in a person’s life. It is when an individual struggles to establish his own identity in the face of changes and challenges that come his way. High school freshmen are vulnerable to a lot of adjustments. Not only are they adjusting to physical changes, but also emotional and social changes as well. For some, there is more to it than the usual adjustment to change, as some factors gravely affect their school performance. Research has unearthed information that school drop out rates are mostly coming from the population of high school freshmen. A large suburban school district in the United States was the community selected for study. This school district has more than 100 schools and serves close to 90,000 students annually (Zvoch, 2006). School enrollment is composed of large numbers of White and Latino students. The usual composition of the student population is approximately 46% Latino, 44% White, 4% American Indian, 3% African American, 2% Asian and 1% other (Zvoch, 2006). This district also serves many economically disadvantaged and language minority students (Zvoch, 2006). 15% of the students are

Paraphrase Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Paraphrase - Essay Example One inclusive cycle of the waveform, or the time in which it takes to complete, is referred to as a period. Another component of a sinusoid is the amplitude, or the total quantity of pressure variation surrounding the mean of the wavelength. The final specification of a sinusoid is the part of the cycle where the wave progresses relative to a particular fixed point in time, referred to as the phase. Phase is only a crucial aspect to consider for the measurement of continuous sinusoids, because one is forced to reflect upon the relationship between two or more different waves, rather than just a single wave. However, because the vowel is considered to be a complex waveform, it can be evaluated by converting the complex waveforms into a series of sinusoids distinguished by specific frequencies, amplitudes and phases. In doing so, it is determined that a vowel has two difference frequencies, one high and one low. The sinusoids of low frequency lean towards a higher amplitude, while the sinusoids of high frequency are nearly equally balanced in amplitude from the mean. The combination of two sinusoids of two different frequencies results in a complex wave. This is accomplished by adding low and high frequencies, in which the frequency is maintained in the resulting wave. Also, a complex wave can be formed by adding two amplitudes at a suitable point in time. The perceived shape of the complex wave is reliant upon the relative frequency, amplitude and phase of each aspect of the sine wave. Vowel acoustics are examined by the relative results of the formants. According to Benade in the 1976 study, formants are â€Å"the peaks that are observed in the spectrum envelope†. This can be observed through dark bands which appear on a spectrogram, signifying acoustic resonances emitted from the vocal tract. The vocal tract operates as a resonant cavity and the placement of certain facial features, including the tongue, jaw and lips, results in different

The Woman Warrior :: essays research papers

The Woman Warrior The most important theme that really stood out to me was the talk stories. The whole book mainly deals with the talk stories. The second theme that I felt that had a major impact in this book was ghost. Ghosts have an impact because the stories that are told about them that affect the kids resulting in their isolation from society. These themes are very important in The Woman Warrior because they help the narrator’s life and unite the stories of the book. Talk stories to me, seem to have a major impact in the lives of Chinese people. These talk stories teaches the children valuable lessons; each different from each culture. The talk stories make the children fear or learn from the mistakes or triumphs of the characters in the talk stories. These stories have major impacts on the main character of The Woman Warrior. She learns what to fear, like ghosts, and having a child without being married and also learned to stand up to what she feared or believed in. The story of the aunt is the first talk story we learn about in this book. The aunt who had a child before marriage was treated as a outcast. This teaches the girl not just to avoid getting pregnant before marriage, but to avoid embarrassing the whole family. This story though, grows weaker for the girl as she rebel at what her mother wants her to be. She tries to be the best she can be and looks for her mother’s praise but all she got was â€Å"you’re too ugly† or â€Å"you talk like a duck†. She starts to question these stories as these talk stories become very confusing in the life of the girl. The second talk story was clearly still in the mind of the girl when she grew up. The story was about Fa Mu Lan who joined the army as a girl to rise up to be a hero when female weren’t allowed in the army. This is good story that really matched up to what the girl represented when she grew up. Fa Mu Lan went against the rules of being a woman in China and triumphed to be one of the greatest heroes of China. The girl decided to be like Fa Mu Lan and break tradition by rebelling against her mother. Ghosts seems to be very important in the story of this book. Ghosts plays a major part because of the way they are used as to isolate the children or to make them stand up against a foe.

Air Asia vs. Qantas Essay

1. Overview 1.1 Qantas-Main business and strategies The main business of Qantas airways limited is the transportation of passengers. Their core strategy of Qantas is profitably grows and the longer-term strategy of Qantas is to reorganize its business structure in order to eliminate mounting losses. The strategy that implement by company is to reduce the capital intensity of the business by forging partnerships with carriers in certain sectors that are uneconomical. (Qantas, 2012) Such as cooperate with British Airways. Qantas use two complementary airline brands; these two brands are used to touch different customers. Two brands operating together has occupied 65% market share in Australia, (Qantas, 2012) because, two brands provide flexibility in varying market conditions. Qantas, (2011 pp. 4) On the other hand, these two brands practice some sub-strategies to support its main strategy. These appropriate sub-strategies are the key success for point that lead to Qantas continually expansion in the world. | Qantas| Jetstar| Sub-Strategy| * Premium full service * Maximized profitability| * Cost leadership * Low fare airline| Operational improvement| * Enhanced customer service focus| * Expand locally and into international leisure markets | In statistics of 2012, Qantas has full-employees for 33,584. Flights over 550 airports and passengers carried are 44,456,000, which increase the 5.06% base on the year 2011. (Qantas, 2012) 1.2 Air Asia-Main business and strategies Air Asia is the largest low-cost flyer carrier in the world. It is establishing with the dream of making flying possible for everyone. On the other hand, it is not only focusing on the cost factor, but also safety first. The Air Asia has operated around 11 years, but it’s still keep high grow rate. The Air Asia is the regional carrier with the largest destination network, highest flight frequencies and high aircraft utilization.( Air Asia, 2012) Air Asia was named the 2012 World’s Best Low Cost Airline in the annual World Airline Survey by Skytrax for three consecutive years. There are some actions that support its main strategy in order to make it success. Such as the lost cost model is based on: (Hill, C. W. 1988). * Single passenger class * Flying to cheaper, less congested secondary airports * A single type of airplane in order to reducing training and servicing cost * Point to point flights with no transfers In statistics, Air Asia has full –employees for 4346. Passengers carried are around 22,474,620 in 2012, which increase more than 10% base on the year 2011. Services network over 216 routes covering destinations in and around world. The below picture has shown that air Asia are trying to get more market share in the southwest of Asia, there are more than 143 routes in southwest of Asia out of 216. This is the developing direction of the Air Asia in recent years. (Air Asia, 2012) 2. Industry analysis 2.1 Overview Goble airlines markets & PESTLE mode analysis The Lift side is show that, the air travel remains a growth market. This forecast mentions that air traffic will double in the next 15 years, which means, the external environment still keep optimistic. Both of Qantas and Air Asia have same opportunity. (Airbus, 2012) The PESTLE model lists the factors or driver for growth, external environment can be reasonably expected as optimistic. but this chart showed that real GDP 2011-2031 by region, the economic growth is a key driver for air traffic growth, increasing urbanization will also drive economic growth and the propensity to fly. (Airbus, 2012) PESTLE model PESTLE model| Political * Stable political environment * Deregulation| Economic * Global financial crisis * Rising currency * Rising fuel cost| Social * Changing consumer demographics * Increasing travel lifestyle * Changing consumer preferences| Technology * Internet * Surface transport investments * Efficient aircrafts| Legal * Legislation compliance requirements * Allegations of misleading advertising| Environmental * Greenhouse and carbon emissions * Tourism saturation * Shortage of infrastructure capacity| 2.2 Overview Australia airline markets Qantas is the biggest airline operator in Australia, which represent as 75.6% for domestic market, but Qantas still has some competitors in Australia, such as Virgin blue (14.4%), Skywest (1.3%), Tiger (1.0%) and others (6.3%). We should understand it operate environment before we going to depth analysis, because the every company is restricted by external environment. PESTLE model clearly show Qantas operating external environment According to this chart, we can conclude that the overall environment is good and stable, but overall industry still facing some problem, the biggest issues has shown at lift picture, which is purchases, purchases of fuel. (Australia government 2013) 2.3 Qantas SWOT analysis Strength: 1. As one of the biggest Airline in the world, QAN has large quantity of flight customers and business relationships. Large scale could bring more benefits. 2. Qantas operates in a sea of business activities in different sectors. But all of them the support activities of the aviation industry, such as catering, engineering and baggage handling. Thus operation contributes to helping control supplier and aircraft maintenance costs. 3. Qantas Airways, Canada airlines, United Kingdom airline, United States airlines and Cathay Pacific founded a management company called One world Alliance. This centrally is to help each other in non-core business activities, such as marketing and online ticketing, in purpose of reducing costs and thereby cutting ticket prices. Members of the Union may also transfer passengers for connecting flights. 4. As monopolizing in Australian Market, Qantas has a home advantage. Thus its subsidies could provide better resources for its business. Weakness: Without the authorization of the trade union officials, workers in Qantas took an action called Wild Cat Strikes. Qantas was damaged by that action in delaying flights, exploring its issues between employees and the company. Besides, QAN Company is too concentrated on Australia side. Opportunities: As publishing of Open sky police, such as Pricing determined by market forces, Fair and equal opportunity to complete, Cooperative marketing arrangements, QAN could be beneficial from international aviation liberalization and downsizing in government intervention. In addition, more international destinations especially in Asia are developing. Due to Australia Market is less tapped so far, QAN could get a better chance to gain a major market shares than other airline companies. Moreover, QAN found a new opportunity of new market and created Jetstar witch is a low budget airline to attract potential large quantities of customers. Threat: With the result of merging between n United Airlines and Continental, Qantas is under threat because United Airlines- Continental is planning to penetrate into Australian market. One of Qantas most important international routine, between Australia and USA, will be affected. Unfortunately, large fluctuation in oil prices, together with global financial crisis, big airline companies was affected seriously due to rising operation and labor costs. Increasing Australia Airline market completion also will be a threat for QAN developing. 2.4 Overview Southwest of Asia markets The main competitors of Air Asia are Thai airways, Nok air, One Two GO Airline, and Singapore airlines, among of them SIG is the main competitor with Air Aira, in order to compete with Air Asia, SIG introduced 2 budget airlines; Valu Air and Tiger Airways, both of them are practice as the low-cost position. AIRASIA SWOT Analysis: Strength: AIRASIA has a well-known name and it is famous for its low cost operation. in accordance with the 2011-2012 year financial report, the company’s non-fuel costs fell 3%, suggesting that companies continue to implement cost control; in 2011-2012, the company plans to non-fuel unit costs to fall by 5%. While ancillary revenue rose 23%, which helps companies to achieve annual revenue growth targets Moreover, it has the first-mover advantage of first low cost airline company in Asia. After that, AirAisa has strong promotional strategies for general promotion and media advertising. In addition, they companying with other service providers, such as hotel) and credit cards create a unique image among customers. Because of its punctual performance, AirAsia was offered honor of five-star service and flashes. AIRASIA has developed a well-established distribution channel in its products and services. Moreover, it is always using single type of airplane, thus minimizing maintenance fees. Weaknesses Due to the report, Aircraft leasing costs increased by 8% since the number of aircraft increased by 8 per cent while leasing costs and depreciation of the dollar, allowing the company to save rental costs. Airport and operating costs increased by 12%, reached 444.34 million dollars. Other expenses have increased by 14%. As the economic condition recovery, how to control the rising costs becomes o one of the most serious challenges faced by AIRASIA. Because of the lower cost, AIRASIA has limited service resources. Thus also is related to being lack of ability of handling irregular situation. Government interference regulates airports. In addition, AIRASIA receives a lot of complaints from customers such flight delays and not able to change flight. When competition is getting intense, good customer service and management is especially important. Opportunity With having first-move advantages, AIRASIA could be more possible to survive and win under the big intense environment such as rising oil price and government regulation. There is another opportunity for AIRASIA is cooperating with other low cost airlines such as Jetstar. The significant action could help tap into their strength and resources. Besides, larger population of customers is willing to choose cheaper flight. Threat In nowadays, lots of low cost airline companies are appeared such as Jetstar, Virgin, and Southwest. These companies improve that AIRASIA’s low cost strategy could not be a strong competitive advantage in the industry. It could be copied easily. Many kinds of expenses such as security fees and landing fees are out of control. Moreover, unstable economic conditions in the world have impacted on airline industry. Thus treat is same with questions facing by Qantas. 3. Accounting policies analysis 3.1 Basis of preparation of the financial statements The accounting policies are the procedures that used by a company to prepare its financial statements. Qantas’ reports basically are prepared in accordance with AASBs, but also following the IFRS (Qantas, 2012 pp.78). Air Asia prepared their reports following the MASBs and also in conformity with IFRS. IFRS is the general guide for these two companies when they prepared their report. It means not only significantly enhance comparability of financial reporting between these two companies, but also decrease our uncertainty, increase the reliability and accurately of analysis. (Burgstahler, D. C., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. 2006) These two companies are running same business industry and prepare report in accordance with IFRS, so there are some accounting policies are similar, the following lists show the similarities of accounting policies practiced as these two companies 3.2 Similarities of accounting policies (Qantas, 2012 pp.80, Air Asia, 2012 pp.73) * Reports on the basis of historical costs except in accordance with relevant accounting policies where assets and liabilities are stated at their fair values * Main revenue recognition-The value of seats sold for which services have not been rendered is included in current liabilities as sales in advance * Other revenue-such as fuel surcharge, insurance surcharge, administrative fees, excess baggage and baggage handling fees, are recognized upon the completion of services rendered. * Residual value-the changing estimates are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances * PPE-Depreciation is used the straight-line method * Inventory-The values of inventories are reported as weight average cost. * Repair and maintenance expenditure, repair treat as cost, deduct in the same period. Maintenance, if it changes in the using life of equipment, it will be treat as capitalization. Even these policies are similar, but they still have some flexibility, such as the report can be influenced by changing accounting estimates. The following table has been showed that there are totally different use for life and residual values between these two companies’ assets. These two factors are depended on the judgment and estimate of management. Matsumoto, D. A. (2002) mentions that management’s estimates and judgments involved in the accounting policies which have significant potential impact on their financial statements, because these matters are really uncertainty. Finally, this uncertainty will reflect on the ROA, ROE, even if these two ratios increase or decrease, it does not necessarily because of changing in the company’s profitability. (Lev, B., Li, S., & Sougiannis, T. 2010). | Qantas| As Asia| | Use for life(Years)| Residual values| Use for life (Years)| Residual values| Buildings| 10-40| 0%| 28.75-50| 0%| Passenger aircraft and engines| 2.5-20| Up limited 10%| 7-25| Adjusting according to a prospective basis (note1)| Air spare parts| 15-20| Up limited 20%| 10| Adjusting according to a prospective basis (note1)| Note1ï ¼Å¡Estimates and judgments are continually evaluated by the Directors and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. (Air Asia, 2012 pp. 77) 3.3 Main different accounting policies 3.3.1 Receivable Qantas and Air Asia receivables contain of trade debtors, other debtors and loans owing from related parties. Normally, the net receivable is recognized as its original amount less a provision for uncollectible debts. Qantas make an estimate for doubtful debts when collection of the full amount is no longer probable. The estimation of provision of doubtful debt relative to receivable is regularly reviewed. Bad debts are written off as incurred (Qantas, 2012 pp.101). As result, it is a risky way for the company not to assign provision of bad debts according to the percentage of credit sales. In Air Asia, they assign provision of bad debts according to the percentage of credit sale, (Air Asia, 2012 pp. 98) company will operate more stable, less risk then Qantas, but allowance will decrease its operating asset, reflect on the ATO, as result influence ROE. (Davidson & Thompson 1962) 3.3.2 Discount Rate Discount rate is the interest rate that used in discounted cash flow analysis to determine the present value of future cash flows. (Qantas, 2012 pp.101) Changing discount rate will influence the company’s pension plan. Normally, pension is company’s liability; it is measured by three factors, PBO, ABO and VBO. Either PBO, ABO, should be discounted before reported. Due to particular category of pension plan, company just reports the different between the pension benefits and pension obligation on the financial report, if the benefits are greater than obligations it will be reported on the assets side, on the opposite, it will be reported on the liabilities side. (Wiener 1995) So the effect will directly reflect on its ROA and ROE. Discount rate of Qantas is based on the risk-free rate for the ten-year Australian Government Bonds adjusted for a risk premium that represented as 10.5% percent per annum (Qantas, 2012 pp.103). Air Asia use weight average effective interest ra te that represent as 10% per annum. The changes in discount rates of Qantas in 2011 to 2012 that lead to decrease in the Workers ’ Compensation provision of $15 million and an increase in the long service leave provision of $45 million. The net effect of these changes was a $30 million increase in provisions as at 30 June 2012. (Qantas, 2012 pp.103) as results, the changing of provision will reflect on the ROE of Qantas, because provision is comprised of liability. Finally, the ratio analysis will lack of comparability. 4. Ratio analysis: 4.1 Return on equity analysis: The ROE changing line of Qantas Airline limited (QAN) has a sharp fluctuation during year 2009, which has reached the top point of almost 60%. Then ROE index declined until 16.89% after the top and maintained about the level figure of 20% from year 2010. Compared with QAN, Aireys Berhad (AIRASIA) has a relative complicated ROE line. AIRASIA started from -50% from end of year 2008, afterwards got to the first top of 35.37% in 2010. After that the concave curve reached the bottom of 14.28%, and was back to the top at point of 37.39%. As personal opinion, AIRASIA has a brighter future than QAN on ROE side due to its growing trend ROE ratio from year 2011 though it had a negative number from the beginning point. In addition, with the research of 5 year average ROE rate, the total airline industry index is 26.9%, which is higher than QAN and lower than AIRAISA (StockCentral, 2013). AIRAISA is doing a better job in using investors’ money and attracting more investing capital. 4.2 Leverage affect From above two graphs, different index reflect different relationships. On QAN side, ROE rates changing are mainly due to changing in return of asset rate. It is indicating that QAN achieved a better effect of asset utilization by increasing revenue and saving asset funds to raise ROE ratio up. Different with QAN, AIRAISA’s ROE rate is primarily rely on financial leverage, which is equal to net financial liabilities / equity. Overwhelming other related facts, higher financial leverage rates mean stronger power of using liabilities to create profit. From this aspect, it is not hard to disclose different profit channels between two companies. 4.3 Borrowing cost driversï ¼Å¡ Downsizing of borrowing cost rate gives opportunities to raise ROE ratio. In QAN, from year 2011 the borrowing rates have been continuously declining which gave contributions to profit gaining. From AIRASIA side, borrowing cost rate kept on level of 3%-4% in recent two years, which may weaken ROE performance competing with QAN. 4.4 Operating profit drivers Return on asset ratio, which could be divided in asset turnover and profit margin directly, affects the performance of ROE. Compared with two companies, ATO ratio gave more impacts on ROA in past five years in QAN. Relatively much higher ATO ratio of QAN reflects that business higher speed of asset utilization from input to output for the period, better enterprise’s assets management quality and efficiency. Downsizing in ATO rate will directly influence ROA rate, obviously between year 2008 and 2009. In AIRASIA side, ROA ratio variation mainly affect by PM ration. On whole, PM ratio curve indicates increasing trend in the 5-year period, though a slight drop in year 2011. Higher PM ratio compared with QAN could give evidences that AIRASIA has better ability to recover kinds of expenditures and cost of goods sold, benefiting from the low cost strategy. Low costs give contributions to gaining higher ROA ratio of AIRASIA than QAN in recent year. 4.5 Cost structure These two graphs are drawn on the base of revenue as 100%. According to two graphics, we can easily see that After deduct COGS, Air Asia reported Gross profit around 50% over 5 years, but Qantas just has less than 20% for Gross profit, Air Asia practices cost-lead ship strategy, so COGS and its selling & administration expense is significantly lower than Qantas. So the Air Asia control its COGS are better than Qantas. But however, the selling & administration expense of Qantas (around 11% of 100% revenue) less then Air Asia (around 26% of 100% revenue), which mean Qantas, is good at management. Thus trend indicates that low-costs of airline industry would be bafflement for increasing profit. Compared with two companies’ gross profit and gross margin ratio curve, Qantas has been suffered drop trend in five-year gross profit due to its downsizing revenue and high cost of goods sold. AIRASIA has optimistic trends both in gross profit and gross margin. The company was engaged in e xpanding sales and revenue, improving cost management level and seeking appreciate company strategy at the same time. Higher gross profit and gross margin indicate company could have higher possibilities to gain profit. 4.6 Average industry analysis The first graph shows the ROE of Air Asia in the Malaysia airline industry, after 2009, the ROE of Air Asia is significantly higher than average. The second procure compare the Qantas with Australia airline industry, if we calculate the average ROE of Qantas, the result is a little bit lower than average. The last graph we put two-airline companies in the Asia- pacific region, the graph has shown that Qantas’ operating is lower than the average, after 2009, Air Asia is keeping upward. 5. Conclusion After our analysis, due to applying different policies and strategies, two airline companies did different performance in gaining profits. we think that even though Air Asia just set up around 11years, and its size of the company is quite less than Qantas. But they have been adapted to the turbulent global environment. Its strategy has fitted with external environment, the advantage of small company is easy to change its management control system to response with the turbulent environment and better to keep consistent with its strategy. Finally, the whole company will be easier to achieve the goal. As result, AIRASIA seems to be better in raise ROE ratios, benefiting from its increasing sales and costs controlling. So we can concluded that AIRASIA’s performance is better than Qantas. Reference: Qantas, (2012) â€Å"Qantas Annual Report 2012† Qantas Airways Limited Qantas, (2011) â€Å"Qantas Group presentation December 2011† Qantas Group www.qantas.com. Air Asia, (2012) â€Å"Air Asia Annual Report 2012† Air Asia Airways Limited www.airaisa.com Airbus, (2012) â€Å"Navigating the future† Global Market Forecast 2012-2031 www.airbus.com â€Å"Domestic airline activity, Department of Infrastructure and Transport†, Australia government, update 19 August, 2013 www.bitre.gov.au Qantas Customers 2012, by Segment 2012, Statistic, viewed 8 May 2012, Qantas’ Situation: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow 2011, The Age, viewed 8 May 2013, Stockcentral (2013), industry averages. Available from: http://www.stockcentral.com/?utm_source=iclubindustryaverages&utm_mdium=link [Accessed: August 17, 2013]. Burgstahler, D. C., Hail, L., & Leuz, C. (2006). The importance of reporting incentives: earnings management in European private and public firms. The accounting review, 81(5), 983-1016. Lev, B., Li, S., & Sougiannis, T. (2010). The usefulness of accounting estimates for predicting cash flows and earnings. Review of Accounting Studies, 15(4), 779-807. Kotlikoff, L. J., & Wise, D. A. (1989). Employee retirement and a firm’s pension plan. Hill, C. W. (1988). Differentiation versus low cost or differentiation and low cost: a contingency framework. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), 401-412. Matsumoto, D. A. (2002). Management’s incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises. The Accounting Review, 77(3), 483-514. Cyert, R. M., Davidson, H. J., & Thompson, G. L. (1962). Estimation of the allowance for doubtful accounts by Markov chains. Management Science, 8(3), 287-303. Scott, T. W. (1994). Incentives and disincentives for financial disclosure: Voluntary disclosure of defined benefit pension plan information by Canadian firms. Accounting Review, 26-43. Wiener, H. J.(1995), †Pension Plan Strategy† A Comprehensive Guide to Retirement Planning for physicians and Other Professionals 7(2), 101-212. Appendix Air Asia ANALYSIS| 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| REFORMULATED BALANCE SHEET| | 12/31/2012 USD| 12/31/2011 USD| 12/31/2010 USD| 12/31/2009 USD| 12/31/2008 USD| Operating Assets| | | | | | | Net Receivables| | 315,898,627| 176,713,880| 158,421,275| 170,371,203| 262,514,740| Total Inventories| | 7,758,339| 6,223,975| 5,692,557| 6,093,458| 5,978,035| Prepaid Expenses| | 240,199,477| 149,035,647| 105,739,906| 73,305,199| 32,597,110| Other Current Assets| | 0| 198,398,423| 174,299,659| 180,913,551| 212,788,150| Net Property, Plant & Equip.| | 3,200,140,615| 2,744,062,776| 3,021,904,005| 2,319,564,252| 1,905,866,763| Other Assets| | 863,519,621| 282,959,621| 106,643,425| 141,351,051| 40,122,254| | | 4,627,516,678| 3,557,394,322| 3,572,700,827| 2,891,598,715| 2,459,867,052| Operating Liabilities| | | | | | | Accounts Payable| | 21,299,542| 25,636,593| 17,245,987| 26,411,507| 31,597,399| Accrued Payroll| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Income Taxes Payable| | 1,674,951| 0| 529,269| 2,869,159| 0| Dividends Payable| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Other Current Liabilities| | 606,007,521| 479,045,110| 400,453,705| 312,255,549| 322,342,775| Provisions for Risks & Charges| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Deferred Income| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Deferred Taxes| | -118,180,510| -162,807,571| -233,260,905| -219,414,136| -247,430,347| Other Liabilities| | 166,843,689| 154,044,479| 146,867,196| 0| 0| | | 677,645,193| 495,918,612| 331,835,252| 122,122,079| 106,509,827| Net Operating Assets| | 3,949,871,485| 3,061,475,710| 3,240,865,575| 2,769,476,636| 2,353,357,225| | | | | | | | Financial Assets| | | | | | | Cash & Short Term Inv.| | 730,127,861| 666,457,098| 487,957,516| 217,964,953| 44,439,884| | | 730,127,861| 666,457,098| 487,957,516| 217,964,953| 44,439,884| Financial Liabilities| | | | | | | Short Term Debt and Current LTD| | 368,264,879| 187,454,574| 179,660,126| 157,788,551| 157,243,353| Long Term Debt| | 2,381,682,472| 2,267,166,877| 2,368,374,899| 2,064,168,224| 1,776,526,012| | | 2,749,947,351| 2,454,621,451| 2,548,035,025| 2,221,956,776| 1,933,769,364| Net Financial Liabilities (Assets)| | 2,019,819,490| 1,788,164,353| 2,060,077,509| 2,003,991,822| 1,889,329,480| Shareholders’ Equity| | 1,930,051,995| 1,273,311,356| 1,180,788,066| 765,484,813| 464,027,746| check| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| REFORMULATED INCOME STATEMENT| | | | | | | Sales| | 1,617,426,750| 1,418,025,552| 1,280,394,033| 914,982,769| 761,470,520| Total Costs| | 864,089,928| 1,074,545,110| 934,371,331| 648,407,418| 932,758,092| Earnings before Interest and Taxation (EBIT)| 753,336,821| 343,480,442| 346,022,701| 266,575,350| -171,287,572| Tax| | 56,556,246| 69,934,700| 12,143,668| 33,884,638| -107,697,977| Income after Taxation| | 696,780,576| 273,545,741| 333,879,034| 232,690,713| -63,589,595| Net Interest| | 97,912,688| 98,364,669| -10,343,765| 84,832,360| 79,925,723| Net Income (before Pref Dividends & Minority Interests)| 598,867,888| 175,181,073| 344,222,799| 147,858,353| -143,515,318| TAX-SHIELD| | | | | | | Effective Tax Rate| | 7.5%| 20.4%| 3.5%| 12.7%| 62.9%| Net Interest| | 97,912,688| 98,364,669| -10,343,765| 84,832,360| 79,925,723| Tax Shield| | 7,350,728| 20,027,643| -363,014| 10,783,119| 50,253,725| TAX-ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME| | | | | | | Operating Income (with tax shield)| | 689,429,848| 253,518,098| 334,242,048| 221,907,593| -113,843,321| Net Financing Costs| | 90,561,960| 78,337,026| -9,980,751| 74,049,241| 29,671,997| Net Income| | 598,867,888| 175,181,073| 344,222,799| 147,858,353| -143,515,318| AVERAGED BALANCE SHEEETS| | | | | | | Operating Assets| OA| 4,092,455,500| 3,565,047,574| 3,232,149,771| 2,675,732,883| 1,298,921,526| Operating Liabilities| OL| 586,781,902| 413,876,932| 226,978,666| 114,315,953| 65,446,413| Net Operating Assets| NOA| 3,505,673,597| 3,151,170,642| 3,005,171,105| 2,561,416,930| 1,233,475,113| Financial Assets| FA| 698,292,480| 577,207,307| 352,961,235| 131,202,419| 26,432,942| Financial Liabilities| FL| 2,602,284,401| 2,501,328,238| 2,384,995,900| 2,077,863,070| 991,642,182| Net Financial Liabilities (Assets)| NFL(NFA)| 1,903,991,922| 1,924,120,931| 2,032,034,666| 1,946,660,651| 965,209,240| Shareholders’ Equity| SE| 1,601,681,676| 1,227,049,711| 973,136,439| 614,756,279| 268,265,873| check| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Sales| SA| 1,617,426,750| 1,418,025,552| 1,280,394,033| 914,982,769| 761,470,520| Operating Income (with tax shield)| OI| 689,429,848| 253,518,098| 334,242,048| 221,907,593| -113,843,321| Net Financing Costs| NFC| 90,561,960| 78,337,026| -9,980,751| 74,049,241| 29,671,997| Net Income| NI| 598,867,888| 175,181,073| 344,222,799| 147,858,353| -143,515,318| ROE DECOMPOSITION| | | | | | BASIC ANALYSIS| | | | | | | ATO (sales / net operating assets)| | 0.46| 0.45| 0.43| 0.36| 0.62| PM (operating income / sales)| | 42.63%| 17.88%| 26.10%| 24.25%| -14.95%| ROA (operating income / net operating assets)| 19.67%| 8.05%| 11.12%| 8.66%| -9.23%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| CLEV (net operating assets / equity)| | 2.19| 2.57| 3.09| 4.17| 4.60| ILEV (operating income / net income)| | 1.15| 1.45| 0.97| 1.50| 0.79| ROE ( net income / equity)| | 37.39%| 14.28%| 35.37%| 24.05%| -53.50%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| SPREAD ANALYSIS| | | | | | | ROA| | 19.67%| 8.05%| 11.12%| 8.66%| -9.23%| Borrowing Rate (net financing costs / net financial liabilities)| 4.76%| 4.07%| -0.49%| 3.80%| 3.07%| Spread (ROA – financing costs)| | 14.91%| 3.97%| 11.61%| 4.86%| -12.30%| FLEV (net financial liabilities / equity)| | 1.19| 1.57| 2.09| 3.17| 3.60| Leveraged Spread| | 17.72%| 6.23%| 24.25%| 15.39%| -44.27%| ROE| | 37.39%| 14.28%| 35.37%| 24.05%| -53.50%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| Qantas ANALYSIS| 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| REFORMULATED BALANCE SHEET| | 06/30/2012 NZD preliminary| 06/30/2011 NZD| 06/30/2010 NZD restated| 06/30/2009 NZD| 06/30/2008 NZD| Operating Assets| | | | | | | Net Receivables| | 1,138,830,550| 1,099,506,200| 918,979,200| 914,755,950| 955,587,900| Total Inventories| | 385,418,800| 398,263,200| 269,443,350| 269,443,350| 202,112,500| Prepaid Expenses| | 410,020,000| 434,663,600| 326,034,900| 326,034,900| 0| Other Current Assets| | 89,179,350| 23,553,200| 86,154,300| 90,377,550| 287,808,200| Net Property, Plant & Equip.| | 14,493,181,950| 14,615,831,200| 10,571,639,400| 10,571,639,400| 9,826,709,750| Other Assets| | 1,618,553,950| 1,675,489,000| 1,319,343,300| 1,319,343,300| 1,558,691,600| | | 18,135,184,600| 18,247,306,400| 13,491,594,450| 13,491,594,450| 12,830,909,950| Operating Liabilities| | | | | | | Accounts Payable| | 661,157,250| 639,148,200| 506,790,000| 506,790,000| 482,644,650| Accrued Payroll| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 337,932,100| Income Taxes Payable| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Dividends Payable| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 4,042,250| Other Current Liabilities| | 5,488,117,700| 5,418,306,600| 4,232,541,150| 4,241,832,300| 4,111,776,700| Provisions for Risks & Charges| | 755,461,850| 692,678,200| 473,004,000| 473,004,000| 430,903,850| Deferred Income| | 1,164,456,800| 1,189,436,600| 901,241,550| 914,755,950| 1,024,306,150| Deferred Taxes| | 660,132,200| 821,150,200| 603,924,750| 603,924,750| 490,729,150| Other Liabilities| | 229,611,200| 527,805,800| 195,114,150| 195,114,150| 216,664,600| | | 8,958,937,000| 9,288,525,600| 6,912,615,600| 6,935,421,150| 7,098,999,450| Net Operating Assets| | 9,176,247,600| 8,958,780,800| 6,578,978,850| 6,556,173,300| 5,731,910,500| | | | | | | | Financial Assets| | | | | | | Cash & Short Term Inv.| | 3,573,324,300| 4,083,268,400| 3,325,387,050| 3,325,387,050| 3,377,704,100| | | 3,573,324,300| 4,083,268,400| 3,325,387,050| 3,325,387,050| 3,377,704,100| Financial Liabilities| | | | | | | Short Term Debt and Current LTD| | 1,147,030,950| 617,736,200| 532,129,500| 522,838,350| 491,537,600| Long Term Debt| | 5,566,021,500| 5,839,052,400| 4,320,384,750| 4,306,870,350| 3,957,362,750| | | 6,713,052,450| 6,456,788,600| 4,852,514,250| 4,829,708,700| 4,448,900,350| Net Financial Liabilities (Assets)| | 3,139,728,150| 2,373,520,200| 1,527,127,200| 1,504,321,650| 1,071,196,250| Shareholders’ Equity| | 6,036,519,450| 6,585,260,600| 5,051,851,650| 5,051,851,650| 4,660,714,250| check| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| REFORMULATED INCOME STATEMENT| | | | | | | Sales| | 16,117,886,200| 15,945,516,400| 11,632,519,800| 11,632,519,800| 11,764,564,400| Total Costs| | 16,221,416,250| 15,412,357,600| 11,379,969,450| 11,379,969,450| 11,506,668,850| Earnings before Interest and Taxation (EBIT)| -103,530,050| 533,158,800| 252,550,350| 252,550,350| 257,895,550| Tax| | -107,630,250| 79,224,400| 52,368,300| 52,368,300| 46,890,100| Income after Taxation| | 4,100,200| 453,934,400| 200,182,050| 200,182,050| 211,005,450| Net Interest| | 254,212,400| 187,355,000| 102,202,650| 102,202,650| 111,566,100| Net Income (before Pref Dividends & Minority Interests)| -250,112,200| 266,579,400| 97,979,400| 97,979,400| 99,439,350| TAX-SHIELD| | | | | | | Effective Tax Rate| | 104.0%| 14.9%| 20.7%| 20.7%| 18.2%| Net Interest| | 254,212,400| 187,355,000| 102,202,650| 102,202,650| 111,566,100| Tax Shield| | 264,280,218| 27,839,900| 21,192,523| 21,192,523| 20,284,745| TAX-ADJUSTED OPERATING INCOME| | | | | | | Operating Income (with tax shield)| | -260,180,018| 426,094,500| 178,989,527| 178,989,527| 190,720,705| Net Financing Costs| | -10,067,818| 159,515,100| 81,010,127| 81,010,127| 91,281,355| Net Income| | -250,112,200| 266,579,400| 97,979,400| 97,979,400| 99,439,350| AVERAGED BALANCE SHEEETS| | | | | | | Operating Assets| OA| 18,191,245,500| 15,869,450,425| 13,491,594,450| 13,161,252,200| 6,415,454,975| Operating Liabilities| OL| 9,123,731,300| 8,100,570,600| 6,924,018,375| 7,017,210,300| 3,549,499,725| Net Operating Assets| NOA| 9,067,514,200| 7,768,879,825| 6,567,576,075| 6,144,041,900| 2,865,955,250| Financial Assets| FA| 3,828,296,350| 3,704,327,725| 3,325,387,050| 3,351,545,575| 1,688,852,050| Financial Liabilities| FL| 6,584,920,525| 5,654,651,425| 4,841,111,475| 4,639,304,525| 2,224,450,175| Net Financial Liabilities (Assets)| NFL(NFA)| 2,756,624,175| 1,950,323,700| 1,515,724,425| 1,287,758,950| 535,598,125| Shareholders’ Equity| SE| 6,310,890,025| 5,818,556,125| 5,051,851,650| 4,856,282,950| 2,330,357,125| check| | 0| 0| 0| 0| 0| Sales| SA| 16,117,886,200| 15,945,516,400| 11,632,519,800| 11,632,519,800| 11,764,564,400| Operating Income (with tax shield)| OI| -260,180,018| 426,094,500| 178,989,527| 178,989,527| 190,720,705| Net Financing Costs| NFC| -10,067,818| 159,515,100| 81,010,127| 81,010,127| 91,281,355| Net Income| NI| -250,112,200| 266,579,400| 97,979,400| 97,979,400| 99,439,350| ROE DECOMPOSITION| | | | | | BASIC ANALYSIS| | | | | | | ATO (sales / net operating assets)| | 1.78| 2.05| 1.77| 1.89| 4.10| PM (operating income / sales)| | -1.61%| 2.67%| 1.54%| 1.54%| 1.62%| ROA (operating income / net operating assets)| -2.87%| 5.48%| 2.73%| 2.91%| 6.65%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| CLEV (net operating assets / equity)| | 1.44| 1.34| 1.30| 1.27| 1.23| ILEV (operating income / net income)| | 1.04| 1.60| 1.83| 1.83| 1.92| ROE ( net income / equity)| | -3.96%| 4.58%| 1.94%| 2.02%| 4.27%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| SPREAD ANALYSIS| | | | | | | ROA| | -2.87%| 5.48%| 2.73%| 2.91%| 6.65%| Borrowing Rate (net financing costs / net financial liabilities)| -0.37%| 8.18%| 5.34%| 6.29%| 17.04%| Spread (ROA – financing costs)| | -2.50%| -2.69%| -2.62%| -3.38%| -10.39%| FLEV (net financial liabilities / equity)| | 0.44| 0.34| 0.30| 0.27| 0.23| Leveraged Spread| | -1.09%| -0.90%| -0.79%| -0.90%| -2.39%| ROE| | -3.96%| 4.58%| 1.94%| 2.02%| 4.27%| check| | 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| 0.00| Company | Return On Equity Per Share[Y2008]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2009]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2010]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2011]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2012]| 1| 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| 2| -27.03| 25.33| 33.93| 14.46| 36.86| 3| 6.1| 20.38| 10.32| -18.51| -27.24| | 　| 　| 　| -16.22| 6.01| Malaysia industry average| -10.47%| 22.86%| 22.13%| -6.76%| 4.81%| | | | | | | 1| 17.02| 2| 1.89| 4.09| -4.07| 2| 22.45| 19.73| 18.2| 11.46| 15.25| 3| 11.61| -21.09| 2.26| -7.32| 2.36| Austrilia industry average| 17.03%| 0.21%| 7.45%| 2.74%| 4.51%| | | | | | | | 　| 　| 　| 　| 　| | Return On Equity Per Share[Y2008]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2009]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2010]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2011]| Return On Equity Per Share[Y2012]| 1| -37.81| 22.91| 39.91| 17.15| 10.29| 2| 14.73| 1.33| 5.13| 5.29| 4.46| 3| -27.03| 25.33| 33.93| 14.46| 36.86| 4| 15.02| -1.08| -13.73| 4.69| 5.27| 5| -19.27| 11.89| 29.11| 9.99| 1.62| 6| -76.38| 57.88| 57.42| 19.5| 17.28| 7| -70.4| -11.18| 23.64| -4.06| 0.1| 8| -51.42| 4.23| 34.87| 17.31| 8.15| 9| -27.96| -10.48| 33.11| 0.5| 1.31| 10| 19.69| 39.08| 9.61| 13.94| 10.66| 11| -20.6| 5.01| 30.35| 19.6| 10.79| 12| -20.47| -30.29| -21.4| -5.16| -14.43| 13| -26.05| -3.37| 14.11| -9.31| 9.83| 14| 6.1| 20.38| 10.32| -110.51| -27.24| 15| -0.11| -13.94| 9.05| 85.17| -13.52| 16| 17.02| 2| 1.89| 4.09| -4.07| 17| 22.45| 19.73| 18.2| 11.46| 15.25| 17| 16.21| 43.36| 56.31| 44.68| 25.97| 18| 13.1| 7.31| 1.58| 7.88| 2.48| 19| -37.71| 14.89| 24.31| -14.64| 9.45| 20| -14.02| 0.34| 17.5| 10.69| 1.37| 21| 11.61| -21.09| 2.26| -7.32| 2.36| Asia & Pacific Region industry average| -13.33%| 8.37%| 18.98%| 6.15%| 5.19%|

The Hostage Crisis By David Farber - 1038 Words

When a group of radical Islamic students stormed the U.S. embassy in Iran and took the Americans working there hostage during the fall of 1979, the nation reacted with shock and outrage that far outweighed the necessary emotion for the situation. As David Farber writes in his book Taken Hostage, â€Å"The Iranian imbroglio, in fact, affected the American people less directly than any of the others†¦it happened faraway, and caused little immediate pain to any but the hostages†¦Yet, as measured by public concern, emotional outpouring, and simple fascination, the Iran hostage crisis captivated the American people more than any other of the era’s difficulties (1).† Why were Americans so impassioned about the crisis if it didn’t really affect them?†¦show more content†¦The Vietnam War birthed the majority of the problems that Americans faced during the decade, and was itself a product of America’s intense abhorrence of Communism coupled with the nation’s desire to impose its will on countries that it thought needed help. The war, simply put, was a disaster. Those who insist that America has never lost a war are putting too much faith in the fact that we didn’t technically surrender, instead choosing to abandon the war effort and leave the South Vietnamese to their fate. Their fate was the Communism that America went to war to prevent in the first place. Needless to say, the Vietnam War left a bad taste in the mouth of the American majority. â€Å"America’s failed war in Vietnam,† Farber writes, â€Å"had, obviously, done much to break the ideological spell of anti-communism (16).† The loss in Vietnam was humiliating; citizens who had grown used to America being a world superpower watched in abject horror as the U.S. was sent running home by a third world country. America’s sense of superiority vanished, and the â€Å"victory culture† that emerged due to World War II was à ¢â‚¬Å"largely discredited (16).† A fear that was born out of the Vietnam War came to life during the hostage crisis—the United States was no longer a formidable opponent in the eyes of many nations. The Iranian hostage crisis was â€Å"an obvious symbol, an easily understood example of the nation’s inability to control its own fate,