H GWA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

H GWA - Research Paper Example It is important to understand the relationship that these two countries have in an effort to figure out the consequent impact that it has on any other relations that the United States has. The public policy to uphold through the paper is the labor and employment policy as the linking relationship between the two countries. History and Background The major types of relationships that these two countries share are political, monetary and social. It is also imperative to grasp an understanding of the history between the relationships between the United States and China that ages back to the year 1844 when there was the signing of the Treaty of Wanghia. The treaty introduced several rules to regulate their association and gave the United States ability to carry out extended trade relations with China just like other foreign powers1. The relations have existed since then and have brought both positive and negative effects on many countries around the world either directly or indirectly. E conomic Relationship In 1972, the United States received the leeway to invest in mainland China after being banned earlier citing the dangers of the soviet armies. The prolific relations have been the case ever since with the United States getting to an extent of even outsourcing its companies’ requirements from the country. This has particularly brought up a large drift between the two countries from the fact that the United States claims that China makes use of that opportunity to create counterfeit items and consequently portraying the United States wrongly. These allegations have existed over the last five years where China takes some of the raw materials that it does not have in its country from the products made in the United States and rather than completing the manufacture of the products, the workers under the labor union seek to use the materials. This has led to both countries imposing strict trade tariffs on various investment sectors. The workers in China engage in the creation of replica products with the same name as the legitimate products and sell them both locally and internationally. Research has shown that the greatest export recipient of the Peoples’ Republic of China is the European Union. This union is composed of 27 member states with the most influence coming from France. France has been on the receiving end on this issue of counterfeit products manufactured by China2. Given its power, France has great relations with both the United States and China and this issue places it at a poor position in its associations with the United States. French people buy the commodities from China given that the country provides them at a much cheaper rate and the low transport costs provided the proximity to each other. This has affected France’s economic terms with the United States especially on the case of clothing products and tires that it acquires from China. The United States has many times advised France from the purchase o f these counterfeit items from the fact that their usage discriminates the legitimate items provided by the United States and affects the economy negatively. France thus often gets into a cold relationship with the United States concerning this and with a continuation of the negligence, it is common

The Risks of Unprotected Sex among Australian Teenagers Essay

The Risks of Unprotected Sex among Australian Teenagers - Essay Example These contacts will be used as the source for statistics relating to incidence of HIV/AIDS, other STIs, and unplanned pregnancy among young people. Palliative Care Worker Add Details. A palliative care worker will be interviewed for more information about living and dying with HIV/AIDS. Anonymous An anonymous teenage source will be interviewed to get their opinion on subjects relevant to the articles, such as unprotected sex and thoughts on the consequences. AVERT This site is being used as the source of all factual information about the physical effects of HIV/AIDS and other STIs. AVERT This section of the AVERT web site contains real life stories from teenagers who have HIV/AIDS. Some have contracted the virus through having unprotected sex. Secondary Sources Health Insite - Contraception The Health Insite web pages are a collection of many different sources of information. It is included here to show the source of the various other page links. All direct links from this site have been reviewed by Health Insite's editorial team to ensure the quality of information is high. Health Insite - Safe Sex A collection of articles relating to safe sex in Australia. Teen Health Topics - Are you Ready for Sex This site provides advice for teenagers on safe sex and deciding if they are ready to have sex. This will be used to help readers decide these questions for themselves. Family Planning Association Fact Sheets These are a collection of pamphlets containing a... With unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) a very real risk of unprotected sex, my intent with this project is to provide the full facts to young people. I believe that many young people ignore contraception simply because they are unaware of the issues, or because they have not been presented with the issues in a way that makes them real. Teenagers especially always think "it won't happen to me". My intent is to show them that it does happen to people like you. I intend to interview and collect information from people and sources that clearly show the devastating effect unprotected sex can have on teenagers, from unwanted pregnancy to HIV/AIDS. The Health Insite web pages are a collection of many different sources of information. It is included here to show the source of the various other page links. All direct links from this site have been reviewed by Health Insite's editorial team to ensure the quality of information is high. This study shows a high correlation between sexual knowledge and sexual confidence.

Plastic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Plastic Surgery Essay Research Paper Outline Plastic Surgery Section Specialties Recruiting and Retention Fund November 6, 2012 Attn: Mr. Eric J. Harris, Q.C. From: Stan Valnicek, MD, Section Head – Plastic Surgery Dear Mr. Harris Thank you for taking the time to review our submission for the SRRF. We have tried to organize it into logical sections representing the issues that we face as a Section. Our argument is based on data from the following sources: 1. Canadian Institute for Health Information http://www.cihi.ca 2. Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report (Latest) 3. Survey of our section membership – October 2012 (83% response rate) i I have included the raw data in the appendix to this submission. We have tried to use the latest available data sets from sources independent to our section in order be fair and accurate in our claims. I am happy to provide all additional documentation and supporting evidence for items in this submission as required. The goal of this submission is to protect the provision of public hospital based plastic surgery services in the province of BC. Recent media attention in the Vancouver Sun has brought light to the long waits our patients face in the public system: http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Operation+Delayed/7494235/story.html Part of the public issue relates to limited hospital resources in the BC public health care system. Barriers to recruitment are primarily driven by availability of OR time and the willingness of Health Authorities to provide the necessary resources for new surgeons. Low remuneration does affect recruitment in areas of the province that are chronically unde rserviced since competitive rural opportunities exist across Canada even when major urban areas are well staffed. Our main issue as a section is retention of surgeons within the public system and this is primarily driven by significant intra and inter-provincial income discrepancies that put us near the bottom of all surgical specialties. Research Paper Outline 0. Definition of Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery is a misunderstood specialty and it is surprising to us how pervasive the misconceptions are among not just the public but also our colleagues in the medical profession. Media portrayals of cosmetic surgery have led to unfortunate distortions and harmful attitudes, which over the years have had significant negative impact on our profession and particularly on remuneration for public work. Plastic surgery as a specialty grew out of the need to address the management of complex wound healing issues in patients with severe burns, spinal cord injuries, major trauma or defects caused by the extirpation of cancers. This is still the core of our profession today. One hundred years ago skin grafting did not exist and even moderate burns were fatal or led to severe contractures and lifelong disability. Patients who had breasts or parts of their face removed spent their remaining lives disfigured and often shunned. Spinal cord injured patients lived with massive bedsores severely restricting their mobility and independence. Children born with congenital anomalies such as facial clefts were ostracized or worse. Those of us who carry out missions to the third world see the effects on patients and families in regions where plastic surgical care is not readily available. Plastic surgeons have also been pioneers in tissue transplantation, wound healing, nerve regeneration and tissue engineering. Rebuilding form and function has led to the development of entirely new areas such as hand and wrist surgery, facial trauma surgery, craniofacial surgery, microsurgery and skin cancer management. In the province of BC our plastic surgery section provides the majority of care in the following areas: Disease and injury to hand and wrist Disease and injury to the face Burns Congenital defects of the upper extremity or face Reconstruction for defects from cancer ablation Pressure sores in spinal cord injured or systemically ill patients Complex wounds Severe infections including necrotizing fasciitis Primary cancers of skin and soft tissue Microsurgical reattachment of amputated limbs or body parts (scalp, ear etc.) Microsurgical transplantation of tissue Gender reassignment surgery We are also the 3rd or 4th busiest surgical service (out of 10) in terms of emergency surgery due to our coverage of the majority of hand, wrist and facial injuries. ii Research Paper Outline I. Recruitment and Retention A: Demographics iii Prior to presenting our data, I would like to clarify some of the underlying demographic variables. We presently recognize a total of 81 BC plastic surgeons (defined as those with Canadian certification through the RCPS(C) or international equivalent) within our Section in BC. Some of these are part-time, semi-retired or in primarily private practice. These serve an estimated 2012 BC population of 4.5 million (Statscan 1). In order to determine â€Å"full time† practitioners, the Medical Services Commission (MSC) defines a cut off for low billings. This changes yearly and is currently set at $82,100 annual MSP billings or less. With this metric our numbers drop to 52 active surgeons for the last year data was available (2010/11)2. Government (MSP) plastic surgery census data differs slightly as they include anyone who â€Å"bills† primarily out of our section of the fee schedule as a â€Å"Plastic Surgeon†. There are about 3-5 of these physicians and may include Orthopedic surgeons with a primary hand surgery practice or temporary locums. For the purposes of this submission, we will use the most current MSP data sets for the following reasons: they are readily available to the BCMA and to each section. the BCMA uses them for their own calculations and allocations any allocated funds rightfully benefit physicians billing out of the plastic surgery section of the fee guide 1 2 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ig-gi/pop-bc-eng.htm Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline B: Plastic Surgery Manpower in BC over past 5 years iv If one looks at the numbers from the MSP dataset for the last six years, our growth as a section seems significant. I have compared us to all other surgical specialties (9 sections) and medical specialties (18 sections). It would appear that the total number of BC plastic surgeons grew rapidly for 3 years with a leveling off in the last two. 3 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 20% Plastic Surgery Anaesthesia 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties Chart 1: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at total physician numbers per category 3 Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report attached Research Paper Outline v When one applies the semi-retired/part-time payment cutoff (set by MSP) to determine the trend in â€Å"full time† plastic surgeons, the numbers change dramatically. Here the data shows that despite an increase in anesthetists, medical specialists and other surgical specialties overall, the number of full time BC plastic surgeons has dropped in the last 6 years. 20% Plastic Surgery 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Anaesthesia 15% 10% 5% 0% Chart 2: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower over 2005/06 Baseline looking at full time physician numbers per category -10% -5% Other surgical specialties Medical Specialties The MSP billing data shows that despite a 17% increase in the number of plastic surgeons in the province over 6 years, the number who bill over a minimum cut-off and would be considered full time has dropped 7%. This trend is in stark contrast to the growth of other specialty groups in BC. The population of BC from the 2006 to the 2011 census grew from 4.1 million to 4.4 million for a 9% increase. Another way of looking at the data shows that in 2005/06 only 19% of BC plastic surgeons were billing under the $82,100 cutoff while in 2010/11 the proportion had grown to 35%. The impact of this on public access to plastic surgical care is enormous. Research Paper Outline C) Manpower issues related to recruitment and retirement vi Our UBC Medical School has a training program for plastic surgeons. We traditionally produce 2-3 graduates a year. Given a population of 80 surgeons and a career span of 30-35 years one would anticipate needing 2-3 new surgeons each year in BC. The majority (88%) of UBC graduates stay in the province (based on a review of all graduates since 1971) and this is reflected in the rise in total plastic surgeons in BC over the past 5 years. A recent survey of our BC section membership (86% response rate) shows 55% feel their hospital is understaffed for plastics and a further 8.6% call their situation severely depleted. A full 70% of respondents would like to recruit one or more plastic surgeons to their community in the next 3 years. The top three barriers to recruitment were OR availability, cooperation of the Health Authority and low MSP remuneration compared to other provinces. Only 17% felt that availability of suitable candidates was an issue for recruitment. The important question is this: Why has the number of full time plastic surgeons dropped over the recent 5 year period as shown in Charts 1 and 2 despite growth in all other groups? The answer we believe lays in an accelerating and profound shift in our sections’ manpower and focus from the public system over to the private (cosmetic surgery) sector. D) Private (Cosmetic) Plastic Surgery – Myths and Realities The private or cosmetic practice in plastic surgery has existed since our specialty originated. Many views about private surgery reflect the situation either in the media (movie/television portrayals of cosmetic surgery) or is based on historical behavior (30 years ago private surgery was the domain of those who had â€Å"put their time in† for 25-30 years of active public practice and could now enjoy a more elective pace with less after hours and weekend responsibility.) The private system allowed for more elective daytime work with greater financial rewards and a less hectic pace. The move to a private practice by this group of older surgeons has never impacted the total number of full time surgeons in this province in the past. Something is different in the last 6 years and we are concerned by the changing pattern. It is our position that chronically low plastic surgery remuneration compared to our colleagues is driving our membership into the private system. Unfortunately the perception that we Research Paper Outline can make up for low MSP payments by simply doing private work has allowed MSP fee suppression to continue and driven more people out of the public system faster than ever. vii The BCMA has effectively handicapped the Section of Plastic Surgery over the past 7 years by including a multiplier in their MANDI (Modified Adjusted Net Daily Income) formula that assumes all plastic surgeons receive 30% of their net income from private surgery. This formula is central to any BCMA attempts at correcting intersectional disparity via the â€Å"microallocation† process. Our section feels this assumption is based on inaccurate, incomplete and out of date information and has spent significant time trying to correct the situation. We would be happy to provide more detail on how this has crippled the attempts at fee and income parity for full time MSP plastic surgeons in BC if requested. The psychological and physical toll of being one of the busiest surgical services while remaining at the bottom of the surgical specialist pay scale has come home to roost. A survey of membership done last month online (65 out of 76 responded) shows that: Most plastic surgeons in BC are engaged full time in the public MSP system 51% feel that in the next few years the proportion of their time private work to public will increase The most common cause for this transition is cited as poor MSP remuneration 34.5% feel burned out often or most of the time 33% intend to retire in the next 10 years Only 40% would advise new UBC plastic surgery grads to stay in BC

Animal Farm And Russian Revolution

Animal Farm And Russian Revolution Many of the animals in Animal Farm direct represent the dominant figures in Soviet Union from the times of the Russian Revolution to the Tehran Conference. First of all, Old Major who appears at the beginning of the novel is the animal version of Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx. Karl Marx was a philosopher who wrote The Communist Manifesto. This book talks about a communist government. This type of government abolishes class system and encourages equality among other human beings. Like Marx, Old Major also introduced the theory of Animalism where every animal should unite together against the humans. Old Major convinces the animal to believe in this theory by saying that their misfortunes can all be traced back to Man, who is the only creature that consumes without producing (Orwell, 7). In other words, Man takes advantage of the animals by forcing them to work themselves to death, while the Man does nothing but boss them around. Marx also wrote similar thing in his book when he talked about capitalist government taking advantage of the working class. Both Marx and Old Major never saw their theory come true during their lifetime but it was adopted soon after their death. Soviet Union adopted Communism in 1917 when Vladimir Lenin came to the power. Lenin was also another dominant figure in Soviet Union who resembles Old Major. He was the leader of the Bolshevik Party that seized control in the 1917 Revolution. He was inspired by Karl Marxs theory of Communism, which urges the workers of the world to unite against their economic oppressors. Like Lenin, Old Major outlines the principles of Animalism, a theory holding that all animals are equal and must revolt against their oppressors. Lenin was responsible for changing Russia into the U.S.S.R., as old Major is responsible for transforming Manor Farm into Animal Farm. The U.S.S.R.s flag depicted a hammer and sickle which was the tools of the rebelling workers and so the flag of Animal Farm features a horn and hoof. Se condly, Napoleon is an animal version of Joseph Stalin. Stalin was the second leader of the Soviet Union. After the revolution had occurred, Stalin was able to get rid of Trotsky, his main opponent. Like Stalin, Napoleon ran his opponent Snowball off the farm. Stalin then removed any other opponents and adopted some of their ideas. Likewise, in Animal Farm, Napoleon made sure no other animals would dispute him, and he took credit for Snowballs idea of building the windmill. Napoleon controlled the mind of the animals and some animals started believing that, Napoleon is always right, (Orwell, 48). Stalin and Napoleon both wanted their nations to be great, so they began to make plans to better their territories. While Stalin tried to industrialize the Soviet Union, Napoleon made plans to build the windmill to furnish electricity. Both also tried to get as much work as they could from the workers. Right before World War II, Stalin signed a non-aggression pact with Germany and trusted H itler to honour the terms. However, Stalin was deceived, and Germany invaded the Soviet Union. In Animal Farm Napoleon also trusted someone he should not have. Napoleon sold timber to Mr. Frederick, who deceived him by paying for the wood with false bank notes. Mr. Frederick and other farmers then tried to overrun Animal Farm, but they did not succeed like Germany never succeeds. Lastly, Character of Snowball is a representation of Leo Trotsky. Trotsky was one of the original revolutionaries but as Stalin rose to power he became one of Stalins biggest enemies, and was eventually expelled from the Politburo in 1925 after one year, Stalin took control of the nation. Politburo is a Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, (Merriam-Webster.com). In the novel, Snowball was exiled from the farm just as Trotsky had been in 1929. Trotsky was not only exiled in person, he was also expelled from the minds of the Russian people, his historical role was altered; his face was erased from the photographs of the leaders of the revolution. In Russia he was denounced as a traitor and conspirator, and in 1940 a Stalinist agent assassinated him in Mexico City. Napoleon used propaganda techniques to erase Snowball from other animals minds. Napoleon used to say: This explains that how animals were supposed to blame Snowball for any mishap that occurs on the farm. Mankind in the Animal Farm is also a direct representation of dominant figures in the Soviet Union and its surrounding countries. Mr. Jones, who is a farmer and the owner of Manor Farm, represents the last Czar of Russia, Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov (Nicholas II). During the Czar Nicholas IIs reign, the Russian people experienced terrible poverty and turmoil, which was marked by the Bloody Sunday massacre in 1905 when protesters demanding social reforms were shot down by the army near Nicholas palace. Like citizens of Soviet Union, animals were also not happy with Mr. Jones control. They said, Mr. Jones, had locked the hen-houses for the night, but was too drunk to remember to shut the pop-holes. With the light from his lantern dancing [], he drew himself a last glass of beer from the barrel [], and made his way up to bed[], (Orwell, 1). This shows that character of Mr. Jones demonstrates that having power in no way means one is responsible or worthy of that power. When Russia ent ered World War I and lost more men than any country in any previous war, the furious and desperate people began a series of strikes and rebellions that signalled the end of the Czars control. When his own generals withdrew their support of him, Nicholas renounced his throne in the hopes of avoiding a civil war but the civil war arrived in the form of the Bolshevik Revolution, when Nicholas, like Jones, was removed from his place of rule. Mr. Fredrick was an animal version of Adolf Hitler. Adolf Hitler was a ruthless dictator of Germany and was responsible for World War II. Mr. Frederick was also a tough, shrewd man, perpetually involved in law suits and with a name for driving hard bargains, (Orwell, 38). These characteristic are similar to Hitlers characteristic and actions. Through the course of the book, Fredrick becomes an enemy and then a friend and then an enemy again to Napoleon, who makes many secret deals and treaties with him. One of the major problems the two farms have i s the issue of the timber. Napoleon sells the wood to Frederick for bank notes, only to find that they are false. During the world wide depression, countries were forced by necessity to trade with other countries. One country would have a product or natural resource another country would not; therefore to survive, the country would trade. Many times the trades were unfair and fraudulent. This created many international problems. Also, the deal symbolized the Non-Aggression Pact between Hitler and Stalin prior to World War II. This pact was then broken by Hitler when he invaded the Soviet Union. The breaking of the pact is similar to Frederick giving false notes to Napoleon. Pilkington symbolizes all the allies of the World War II except the Soviet Union. Like the Soviet Union before World War II, Animal Farm wasnt sure who their allies would be. But after losing the relationship with Frederick (Germany), Napoleon (Stalin) decides to befriend Pilkington, and ally with him. Napoleon a nd the other pigs even go as far as inviting him over for dinner at the end of the book. Here Mr. Pilkington and his men congratulate Napoleon on the efficiency of Animal Farm. Russias allies, after the war, also admired its efficiency. Pilkington says, If you have your lower animals to contend with, we have our lower classes! (Orwell, 94). This represents the good relationship between them. Also, Pilkingtons large, poorly managed farm was figurative to the expansive British Empire, which was crumbling during the Second World War. This is in contrast to Frederick, who has the opposite scenario for a small, better managed farm. After the end of World War II, the Cold War was ignited between the US and the Soviet Union, similar to the end of the meeting where both Napoleon and Pilkington play simultaneously Ace of Spades, then get into a bad argument over it. Many of the key events in The Animal Farm are representation of the events that occurred in the Soviet Union. Building of the windmill is a symbol of Stalins Five Year Plan. Just as the windmill was promised to make the animals life easier, the Five-Year Plan was supposed to improve the Soviet industry as well as the working class life by increasing production and allowing the Soviets to shorten the work-week. And just like the windmill, Stalins plan was a failure. After the destruction of the Windmill, the Animals decided to build another one and in real-life, Stalin also kept mixing out new Five-year Plans promising that each new plan would solve all of Russias problems and bring the USSR closer to equality with the industrialized nations of the west. Snowball was in a league with Jones from the start! He was Joness secret agent all the time, (Orwell, 53), was Napoleons excuse to make the animals angry when the windmill was destroyed. This made animals to finish the windmill to sho w Snowball their unity. Battle of Cowshed represents the civil war between the Tsarists forces and Bolsheviks. This war is also known as the Red October. This is where the Tsarists tried to take back the reign but they were defeated again. In the novel, Mr. Jones tried to back his farm but he was defeated. This only strengthens the animal farm. Animal Revolution represents Russian Revolution as a whole. There are a few things to notice about the Battle of Cowshed. First, Snowball (Trotsky) emerges as a military hero. Second, Mollie the horse, who represents the Russian upper-middle-class runs off and plays little role in the battle. Third, Boxer, or the double for the working class, reveals himself as a powerful military force. As the narrator tells us, the most terrifying spectacle of all was Boxer, rearing up on his hind legs and striking out with his great iron-shod hoofs like a stallion, (Orwell, 28). The Animal Revolution was supposed to make life better for everyone, but the l ife was worse at the end. The leaders also became the same as, or worse than, the other farmers (humans) they rebelled against. Even Russian Revolution was supposed to fix problems created by Czar, but the life became even worse after revolution. Both of these revolutions are based on the Communist theory and they both created tensions among the working and higher classes. Many of the events, humans, and animals in the novel Animal Farm are direct representations of Soviet Unions and its surrounding areas. As you can see almost every event in the novel can be traced directly to an event in Russia during the period from 1900-1943, the overthrowing of Nicholas the Second to the battle of Cowshed. also all most all of the characters from Animal Farm can be traced to a person or group of people involved in the Russian Revolution for example Napoleon represents Stalin in the way that he is obsessed with keeping power, and that he gives the pigs special treatment, also the way he use propaganda to make outsiders believe everything is great and that he is a god like leader who could never do wrong. One of the most obvious reasons that napoleon represents Stalin is the way Napoleon over threw Snowball the way Stalin over threw Lenin. Also as is proven by the previous statement Snowball represents Lenin, in the way that he took the teachings of Old major (Karl Marx) and over threw Mr. Jones (Nicholas the second). Snowball was great speakers as was Lenin, both were highly regarded by their followers and both were betrayed by their comrades. Work Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm;. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1954. Print. George Orwell Animal Farm Interpretation of Characters and Symbols =. The Complete Newspeak Dictionary from George Orwells 1984. Web. 10 Jan. 2011. . Politburo. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2011. Merriam-Webster Online. 6 January 2011 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/politburo Grofman, Bernard. Pig and Proletariat: Animal Farm as History. Irvine: School of Social Sciences, University of California, 1978. Print. The History of Russian Revolution. Marxist. Web. 10 Dec. 2011. .

Belonging Uncertainty of Women in Quantitative Fields Such as Math Essa

Belonging Uncertainty of Women in Quantitative Majors Such as Math Belonging uncertainty occurs to people of all genders, races, ethnicities, and social status’. It is the feeling that one does not belong in an area or field. We concentrated on womens’ belonging uncertainty in a quantitative major, math. All over the world, there are women who have a desire to pursue majors such as science, engineering, technology, and math, but they are discouraged from doing so because of stereotypes that suggest that they do not have the capability to compete with men in those fields. Some research looked at minorities and their belonging uncertainty; others looked specifically at women and the factors in play which create belonging uncertainty for them in quantitative fields such as math. Walton and Cohen (2007) investigated whether or not minority groups would be unsure of the friendships and social links they form, which in turn would affect their feelings of social belonging. In the experiment, Black students had difficulty listing 8 friends in the computer science major which prompted a negative sense of social fit in that major, while white students showed no similar effect. This implies that social belonging relates to whether or not an individual feels comfortable in the major they pursue, and whether they will be confident in recommending that major to someone similar to themselves (Walter & Cohen, 2007). A similar study conducted by Johnson (2012) was tailored to observe the effects of the college environment on Black women and their social belonging (Johnson, 2012). Researcher Johnson (2012) focused on the college environment, and its effect on the sense of belonging that women, especially women of color, may lack. The results... ...ate perceptions and overall sense of belonging among racially diverse women in STEM major. Journal of College Student Development, 53, 336-346. Rosenthal, L., London, B., & Levy, S.R. (2011). The roles of perceived identity compatibility and social support for women in a single-sex STEM program at a co-education university. Sex Roles, 65, 725-736. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9945-0 Smith, J.L., Lewis, K.L., Hawthorne, L., & Hodges, S.D. (2012). When trying hard isn’t natural: Women’s belonging with and motivation for male-dominated STEM fields as a function of effort expenditure. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39, 131-143. doi: 1177/0146167212468332. Walton, G., & Cohen, G.L. (2007). A question of belonging: Race, social fit, and achievement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 82-96. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.1. 82

Homosexuality Essay -- Sexual Orientation Homosexuals Essays

Homosexuality Homosexuality is the sexual orientation toward people of the same sex. This contrasts with heterosexuality, which is being attracted with individuals of the opposite sex. Female homosexuals are referred to as Lesbians. In recent years, the term gay has been applied to both homosexual women and men. Homosexuality appears in virtually all-social contexts – "within different community settings, socioeconomic levels, and ethnic and religious groups" (Web Page #2). Although the number of homosexuals in the population is difficult to determine, a safe estimate is that approximately 2 to 4 percent of men may apply themselves to the term homosexual. Through the years the general acceptance of the previously labeled unorthodox, sexual preference has varied. The extremes include brutality towards gays too as far as a homosexual holding a public office while declaring his sexual preference. Attitudes toward homosexual behavior have varied in the time and place of history. In Greece, homosexual relations were acceptable and in certain cases, expected activity in certain segments of society. The term lesbian is derived from an erotic poet named Sappho. Sappho was quite frank about her affairs with men and women. Much of her poetry dealt with her homosexual liaisons. Because of this the term lesbian was adopted after Sappho’s home island of Lesbos. Later attitudes in the Western world were determined largely by prevailing Judeo-Christian moral codes, which treat homosexuality as immoral and sinful. But like many other sins, homosexual relations were seen as expressions of the weakness inherent in all human beings, and not as a ment... ...o legitimize discrimination against homosexuals. In the 1990’s some U.S. states tried to restrict laws that protect homosexuals from discrimination. With homosexuals increasing by the acceptance by the general population, one may ponder on how this effects humans versus nature. The human race is far perplexed by their doing to fathom what characteristics cause us to defy or obey nature. The real question is: How well does the human race understand nature and it’s genius. If the world slows it’s progression for a slight variety of sexuality, then who says we’re advanced? In order to thoroughly comprehend how the human race is able to exist in the most efficient, and environmentally supportive manner, one is forced to focus on our similarities rather than our differences. Sources Cited http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761562012/Homosexuality.html

Century Skills

A New Method for a New Century The world is always changing, from the environment to the economy, from stock market crashes to global warming. With so many uncertainties, one thing remains ABA solute: students will not be prepared to face the challenges presented by today's changing w oral if the schools' methods of education remain the same.The concept of the integration of 21st century skills into school curriculums has been an ongoing debate for some time now While opponents argue that such skills should not replace the current system, which focuses primarily on the memorization of content, proponents defend their contempt ray methods, advocating 21st century skills and the importance of their understanding in the fastened, intermediate society that exists today.Both arguments, however, are supported with valid facts, many of which cannot be ignored. Because of the benefits of both methods of learning, a General Education class emphasizing the understanding and integration of 21st century skills in the work force and other environments should be required for all students at College of the Canyons in order to strengthen their ability sees and create a fundamental base that will help prepare them to enter the workforce.Schools cannot ignore the fact that the very next step for the vast majority of student following the completion of their education is the securing of a Job in a career field the at functions in the modern world. In such a competitive workforce, students cannot be successful if the education they received focuses solely on the memorization of content NT rather than the application of skills. What good is an extensive grasp of facts if nothing g can be done with that knowledge? We need to ensure that all students are critical thinks RSI and problem solvers, that students can take on complex problems,† said Page Johnson, a POP board member and worldwide manager for K 12 education at Intel Corp.. This is where the benefits of 21st century ski lls come in. Such skills include learning and innovation skill Is, information, media and technology skills, life and career skills, and an all around indispensable foundation students will be able to employ into their lives following SC hollow.Where the heavy dependence of memorizing facts usually ends after one exits the SC hollow system, the need to understand and the ability to integrate 21st century skills only in creases significantly. Thirteen states have already begun to incorporate 21st century skills into their education system in different ways, such as Wisconsin, which has â€Å"overhauled its socio al studies curriculum in order to meet the criteria established by POP . As more begin to realize the importance of 21st century skills, College of the Canyons should follow in t he footsteps of those who have broadened the content of education taught at their SOHO Such skills should begin to be integrated into core classes, but to ensure that the full est. potentials of stu dents learning these skills can be met, a General Education class foci used entirely on the utilization and understanding of 21st century skills should be added a acquirement for all students.This will ensure that students will not only master the c intent of their classes, but will be able to produce, evaluate, and synthesize the information the eye have learned in order to prepare themselves for their futures. Students would be able e to experience hands on activities and learn to thrive in a modern work environment thru cough interactive projects and the like, of which will sharpen skills ranging from communicant dive to technological. Opponents are firmly grounded to the belief that older methods of learning are essential to a student's education.Richard Alienating, a professor at the University of Tennessee, advocates developing 18th century literacy, and claims that, â€Å"[t]he research, to date, has provided no evidence that having either computers or whiteboards in shoo Is has any positive effects on students' reading and writing proficiencies,† and is rooted to t belief that libraries are essential in order to develop literate students. However, prop moments are not arguing against this.Rather, they are facing the inescapable fact that educate reform has become more and more necessary as society and technology further diva once. It is true that without the understanding of the content taught in school, students lace k the basic knowledge and rigor required to engage successfully in situations in which critic thinking, problem solving, and teamwork are crucial. However, without the skills of the e 21st century, students are left with much information, but little understanding of what to do with it. 1st century skills fuse content with skill, creating the best possible foundation of lea ring for students. The application of these skills is crucial not only for the education of today's students, but for the success of tomorrows employees. Employe rs are not looking to ire encyclopedias in the guise of humans, but rather capable people who can adapt and evolve to the changing work environment and use the skills they've acquired in order to be competitive and efficient. According to Michelle L.Casts, a Whole Life Coach, speaker, and author, the top ten skills for the new world of work include communication, create pity, technology, teamwork, flexibility, and information management, along with other trade sees that all fall under the category of the indispensable 21st century skills necessary for any looking to become a valuable asset to their company. Schools need to begin to teach dents skills that will enable them to do more than achieve passing scores on multi pale choice tests, because interviews don't come with a cantors and a number two pencil The teaching of modern skills should not be a controversy in such a modern world.The incorporation of 21st century skills into school curriculum offers nothing but Ben felts, build ing upon past conceptions of learning and guiding students in order for them to adapt to today's competitive workforce. The 2013 News STEM Solutions Conference address sees the sad truth that, the natural curiosity that small kids have, where they touch everything, experiment and discover the world, is being trained out of them as they grow up Lear inning things by rote to pass tests. † Education should not hinder one's curiosity, but enable I t to grow.